Introduction Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a disease that mainly affects the age group between 15-19 years, has a multifactorial etiology and is characterized by the restriction of food intake due to the pathological fear of gaining weight and an altered perception of body image. AN can be restrictive, when the subject loses weight through diet, fasting and excessive physical activity or occurs alternating recurrent episodes of binge eating and elimination behaviors, such as self-induction of vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or enteroclisms. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the role of the nurse in caring for subjects with AN. Materials and methods An integrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting the main databases such as MEDLINE, CINHAIL and COCHRANE Library through special search strings using specific MeSH terms "Anorexia Nervosa"; "Nursing Care/Nursing"; "Nursing Interventions"; the institutional website of the National Federation of Orders of Nursing Professions (FNOPI) was also consulted. Results/Analysis Seven studies were included in the review, including three qualitative studies, one qualitative study review, one literature review, one retrospective study and one mixed-method study. From the analysis of the studies, four main areas of care interventions emerged, which have as their objective: 1. Ensure weight gain. 2. Restore normal eating behavior. 3. Establish a good therapeutic relationship. 4. Manage and evaluate the assisted meal. Discussion/Conclusion The integrative review of the literature has made it possible to outline the role of the nurse in taking charge of subjects affected by AN, which is substantially expressed through two main functions; On the one hand it is able to establish and maintain an effective therapeutic relationship by implementing educational interventions with the aim of restoring normal eating behavior, on the other hand it manages to guarantee a progressive increase in body weight by planning assistance based on compliance with clear and precise rules also in the management and evaluation of the assisted meal. Keywords "Anorexia nervosa"; "Nursing Care/Nursing"; "Nursing Interventions"; "Assisted Meal"; "Meal Supervision".
Introduzione L’Anoressia Nervosa (AN) rappresenta una patologia che colpisce principalmente la fascia d’età compresa tra i 15-19 anni, ha un’eziologia multifattoriale ed è caratterizzata dalla restrizione dell’assunzione di cibo dovuto al timore patologico di ingrassare e un’alterata percezione dell’immagine corporea. L’AN può presentarsi di tipo restrittivo, quando il soggetto perde peso attraverso la dieta, il digiuno e l'attività fisica eccessiva oppure si presenta alternando episodi ricorrenti di abbuffate e condotte di eliminazione, come l’autoinduzione del vomito o l’uso inappropriato di lassativi, diuretici o enteroclismi. Lo scopo della tesi è quello di analizzare il ruolo dell’infermiere nell’assistenza a soggetti con AN. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione integrativa della letteratura consultando le principali banche dati come MEDLINE, CINHAIL e COCHRANE Library attraverso apposite stringhe di ricerca utilizzando specifici termini MeSH “Anorexia Nervosa”; “Nursing Care/Nursing”; “Nursing Interventions”; è stato inoltre consultato il sito istituzionale della Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini delle Professioni Infermieristiche (FNOPI). Risultati/Analisi Nella revisione sono stati inclusi sette studi, dei quali tre di tipo qualitativo, una revisione di studi qualitativi, una revisione della letteratura, uno studio retrospettivo e uno studio con metodo misto. Dall’analisi degli studi sono emerse quattro principali aree di interventi assistenziali che hanno come obiettivo: 1. Garantire l’aumento del peso. 2. Ripristinare il normale comportamento alimentare. 3. Instaurare una buona relazione terapeutica. 4. Gestire e valutare il pasto assistito. Discussione/Conclusione La revisione integrativa della letteratura ha permesso di delineare il ruolo dell’infermiere nella presa in carico dei soggetti affetti da AN che si esplica sostanzialmente attraverso due funzioni principali; da un lato è in grado di instaurare e mantenere una relazione terapeutica efficace attuando interventi educativi con lo scopo di ripristinare un normale comportamento alimentare, dall’altro riesce a garantire un aumento progressivo del peso corporeo pianificando l’assistenza fondata sul rispetto di regole chiare e precise anche nella gestione e valutazione del pasto assistito. Parole chiave “Anorexia Nervosa”; “Nursing Care/Nursing”; “Nursing Interventions”; “Assisted Meal”; “Meal Supervision”.
RUOLO DELL'INFERMIERE NELL'ASSISTENZA AI SOGGETTI CON ANORESSIA NERVOSA: UNA REVISIONE INTEGRATIVA DELLA LETTERATURA
FILOMENI, IRENE
2021/2022
Abstract
Introduction Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a disease that mainly affects the age group between 15-19 years, has a multifactorial etiology and is characterized by the restriction of food intake due to the pathological fear of gaining weight and an altered perception of body image. AN can be restrictive, when the subject loses weight through diet, fasting and excessive physical activity or occurs alternating recurrent episodes of binge eating and elimination behaviors, such as self-induction of vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or enteroclisms. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the role of the nurse in caring for subjects with AN. Materials and methods An integrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting the main databases such as MEDLINE, CINHAIL and COCHRANE Library through special search strings using specific MeSH terms "Anorexia Nervosa"; "Nursing Care/Nursing"; "Nursing Interventions"; the institutional website of the National Federation of Orders of Nursing Professions (FNOPI) was also consulted. Results/Analysis Seven studies were included in the review, including three qualitative studies, one qualitative study review, one literature review, one retrospective study and one mixed-method study. From the analysis of the studies, four main areas of care interventions emerged, which have as their objective: 1. Ensure weight gain. 2. Restore normal eating behavior. 3. Establish a good therapeutic relationship. 4. Manage and evaluate the assisted meal. Discussion/Conclusion The integrative review of the literature has made it possible to outline the role of the nurse in taking charge of subjects affected by AN, which is substantially expressed through two main functions; On the one hand it is able to establish and maintain an effective therapeutic relationship by implementing educational interventions with the aim of restoring normal eating behavior, on the other hand it manages to guarantee a progressive increase in body weight by planning assistance based on compliance with clear and precise rules also in the management and evaluation of the assisted meal. Keywords "Anorexia nervosa"; "Nursing Care/Nursing"; "Nursing Interventions"; "Assisted Meal"; "Meal Supervision".File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/11166