The topic of dementia is very complex. This is because, in addition to the great increase over the population in the risk of developing dementia and the vastness of the various clinical forms, the difficulties in managing the symptoms involved in the disease are further increasing day by day. Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, meaning that the damage that brain cells suffer is irreversible and once the cells are damaged they can no longer do their job, thus impairing cognitive and physical functions. There are many nuances and each of them involves different cognitive level, behavioral level and physical level symptoms and manifestations that also vary from person to person. The work of the caregiver is a fundamental part of caregiving. Assisting and coping with illness together with one's family member is a very difficult task, which often has negative consequences on one's psychological and physical well-being, also affecting the quality of care. This happens because in most cases there is no basic knowledge and training regarding disease management. The difficulty in managing care also includes the acceptance of the disease, since the diagnosis of dementia entails psychological and emotional consequences on family members. In these situations the figure of the nurse takes over, whose task is to gradually follow the disease, comforting their family members, providing advice and methodologies to be applied in case there are difficulties in dealing with all the facets of this tortuous pathology. In recent years, these conditions have worsened due to Covid-19, a disease that has caused a pandemic state, and one of the many consequences of this disease has impacted those with dementia. The disruption of daily life and social isolation have brought worsening clinical conditions and the appearance of new cognitive disorders. To assess what are the major difficulties in caregiving, thanks to the Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Center, I developed a questionnaire, distributed to caregivers of dementia patients, in order to investigate what are the main problems in caregiving, what symptoms and behavioral alterations they face.
Il tema della demenza è molto complesso. Questo perché, oltre al grande aumento sulla popolazione del rischio di sviluppare demenza e alla vastità delle varie forme cliniche, le difficoltà a gestire i sintomi che la malattia comporta, aumentano ulteriormente giorno dopo giorno. La demenza è una malattia cronico neurodegenerativa, ciò significa che i danni che subiscono le cellule cerebrali sono irreversibili e una volta che le cellule sono danneggiate non riescono più a svolgere il loro lavoro, compromettendo così le funzioni cognitive e fisiche. Ci sono molte sfumature ed ognuna di esse comporta sintomatologie a livello cognitivo, a livello comportamentale e a livello fisico diverse e manifestazioni che variano anche da persona a persona. Il lavoro del caregiver è una parte fondamentale dell'assistenza. Assistere ed affrontare la malattia assieme al proprio familiare è un compito molto difficile, che spesso comporta delle conseguenze negative sul proprio benessere psicofisico, incidendo anche sulla qualità dell’assistenza. Questo accade perché nella maggior parte dei casi non c'è una conoscenza e formazione di base per quanto riguarda la gestione della malattia. La difficoltà nel gestire l’assistenza comprende anche l’accettazione della malattia, dal momento che la diagnosi di demenza comporta conseguenze psicologiche ed emotive sui familiari. In queste situazioni subentra la figura dell'infermiere, il quale ha il compito di seguire gradualmente la malattia, confortando i propri familiari, fornendo consigli e metodologie da applicare nel caso ci siano difficoltà ad affrontare tutte le sfaccettature di questa tortuosa patologia. Negli ultimi anni queste condizioni sono peggiorate a causa del Covid-19, malattia che ha causato uno stato di pandemia e una delle tante conseguenze di questa patologia ha avuto impatto nei soggetti affetti da demenza. L’interruzione della vita quotidiana e l’isolamento sociale hanno portato un peggioramento delle condizioni cliniche e la comparsa di nuovi disturbi cognitivi. Per valutare quali sono le maggiori difficoltà nell’assistenza, grazie al Centro disturbi cognitivi e demenza, ho sviluppato un questionario, distribuito ai caregiver di pazienti affetti da demenza, al fine di indagare su quali sono le problematiche principali dell’assistenza, quali sintomi e alterazioni comportamentali si trovano ad affrontare.
Gestione assistenziale domiciliare dei pazienti affetti da demenza: il ruolo infermieristico.
TARTABINI, MARIA CHIARA
2021/2022
Abstract
The topic of dementia is very complex. This is because, in addition to the great increase over the population in the risk of developing dementia and the vastness of the various clinical forms, the difficulties in managing the symptoms involved in the disease are further increasing day by day. Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, meaning that the damage that brain cells suffer is irreversible and once the cells are damaged they can no longer do their job, thus impairing cognitive and physical functions. There are many nuances and each of them involves different cognitive level, behavioral level and physical level symptoms and manifestations that also vary from person to person. The work of the caregiver is a fundamental part of caregiving. Assisting and coping with illness together with one's family member is a very difficult task, which often has negative consequences on one's psychological and physical well-being, also affecting the quality of care. This happens because in most cases there is no basic knowledge and training regarding disease management. The difficulty in managing care also includes the acceptance of the disease, since the diagnosis of dementia entails psychological and emotional consequences on family members. In these situations the figure of the nurse takes over, whose task is to gradually follow the disease, comforting their family members, providing advice and methodologies to be applied in case there are difficulties in dealing with all the facets of this tortuous pathology. In recent years, these conditions have worsened due to Covid-19, a disease that has caused a pandemic state, and one of the many consequences of this disease has impacted those with dementia. The disruption of daily life and social isolation have brought worsening clinical conditions and the appearance of new cognitive disorders. To assess what are the major difficulties in caregiving, thanks to the Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Center, I developed a questionnaire, distributed to caregivers of dementia patients, in order to investigate what are the main problems in caregiving, what symptoms and behavioral alterations they face.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/11342