The term ischemic heart disease identifies a series of clinical pictures whose common denominator is represented by myocardial ischemia, defined as a condition of myocardial distress, which occurs when the coronary blood flow becomes inadequate to meet the demands for oxygen and necessary nutrients to myocardial cells, to perform their contractile function.Acute coronary syndrome includes a set of clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic alterations, given by a partial or complete coronary obstruction that causes ischemia, or a sudden and critical reduction in blood flow to the tissue If ischemia continues for a sufficiently long period of time, the myocardial cells will undergo necrosis and a heart attack will develop.Acute coronary syndromes include: Unstable angina (new onset, prolonged rest, in crescendo), myocardial infarction without elevation ST segment (subendocardial myocardial infarction or Nstemi) ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (transmural myocardial infarction or Stemi). The complete obstruction of a coronary artery, which generally determines a transmural ischemia / necrosis and is characteristic of Stemi, represents the most serious clinical condition, because the flow downstream of the obstruction will be completely absent. The ECG-graphic changes associated with myocardial infarction are divided into two categories: myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (Sca Stemi), myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (Sca Nstemi). The drug therapy that is implemented in coronary syndromes varies according to the presence or absence of the ST segment elevation. In the first case the acronym HAND (morphine, aspirin, nitroglycerin, oxygen) is implemented, in the second case the analgesic, anti-thrombotic, anti-aggregating therapy is administered, etc. to then evaluate the need or not in carrying out angioplasty. As in other highly complex care sectors, extra-hospital emergency-urgency requires nurses theoretical knowledge and specific skills, the operators of the nursing profession independently carry out activities aimed at the prevention and protection of individual and collective health, using planning methodologies for assistance objectives, remaining within their own area of competence. In the context of territorial emergency, reference is made to the SCA-STEMI AV5 Asur Marche protocol "Management of Primary Angioplasty in AV5", where the management of the patient with Sca Stemi is presented from the territory to the hemodynamics, in the reality of the Area Vasta 5; the Hub and Spoke network system is highlighted, with reference to the territory of Ascoli Piceno and San Benedetto Del Tronto. In conclusion, the purpose of this paper is to propose the implementation on the territory of telecardiology associated with the use of nursing ambulances, to ensure that there is a reduction in the timing and a better assistance provided. The sources used are reported in the bibliographical references and in the sitography.
Il termine cardiopatia ischemica, identifica una serie di quadri clinici il cui comune denominatore è rappresentato dall’ischemia miocardica, definita come una condizione di sofferenza del miocardio, che avviene quando il flusso ematico coronarico diventa inadeguato a soddisfare le richieste di ossigeno e di nutrienti necessarie alle cellule miocardiche, per svolgere la propria funzione contrattile.La sindrome coronarica acuta comprende un insieme di alterazioni cliniche, laboratoristiche ed elettrocardiografiche, date da un'ostruzione coronarica parziale o completa che determina ischemia, ovvero una riduzione repentina e critica del flusso sanguigno al tessuto cardiaco.Se l'ischemia si protrae per un periodo di tempo sufficientemente lungo, le cellule miocardiche andranno incontro a necrosi e si svilupperà un infarto.Le sindromi coronariche acute, vanno a comprendere: Angina Instabile ( di nuova insorgenza, a riposo prolungata, in crescendo),L’infarto del miocardio senza sopraslivellamento del tratto ST (infarto del miocardio subendocardico o Nstemi)L'infarto del miocardio con sopraslivellamento del segmento ST (infarto del miocardio transmurale o Stemi). L'ostruzione completa di una coronaria, che generalmente determina una ischemia/necrosi transmurale ed è caratteristica dello Stemi, rappresenta la condizione clinica più grave, perché il flusso a valle dell'ostruzione, sarà del tutto assente. Le alterazioni Ecg-grafiche che si associano ad infarto miocardico, sono distinte in due categorie: infarto del miocardio con sopraslivellamento del tratto ST ( Sca Stemi ), infarto del miocardio con sottoslivellamento del tratto St ( Sca Nstemi ). La terapia farmacologica che viene messa in atto nelle sindromi coronariche, varia in base alla presenza o assenza dello slivellamento del tratto ST. Nel primo caso viene messo in atto l' acronimo MANO ( morfina,aspirina,nitroglicerina,ossigeno), nel secondo caso viene somministrata la terapia antalgica,anti-trombotica, anti-aggregante ecc.. per poi valutare la necessità o meno nell'effetuare l'angioplastica. Come avviene in altri settori assistenziali ad elevata complessità, l’emergenza-urgenza extra-ospedaliera richiede agli infermieri conoscenze teoriche e abilità specifiche,gli operatori della professione infermieristica, svolgono in autonomia attività dirette alla prevenzione ed alla salvaguardia della salute individuale e collettiva, utilizzando metodologie di pianificazione per obiettivi dell'assistenza, rimanendo nel proprio ambito di competenza. In ambito dell' emergenza territoriale, si fa riferimento al protocollo SCA-STEMI AV5 Asur Marche " Gestione dell’ Angioplastica Primaria nell’ AV5 ”, dove viene presentata la gestione del paziente con Sca Stemi dal territorio all' emodinamica, nella realtà dell' Area Vasta 5 ; si mette in evidenzia il sistema di rete Hub e Spoke, in riferimento al territorio di Ascoli Piceno e San Benedetto Del Tronto. In conclusione, lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di proporre l' implementazione sul territorio della telecardiologia associata all'utilizzo di ambulanze infermierizzate, per far si che ci sia una riduzione nella tempistica e una migliore assistenza erogata. Le fonti utilizzate, sono riportate nei riferimenti bibliografici e nella sitografia.
Gestione infermieristica del paziente con sca stemi in ambito dell' emergenza territoriale.
LUZI, DAVIDE
2020/2021
Abstract
The term ischemic heart disease identifies a series of clinical pictures whose common denominator is represented by myocardial ischemia, defined as a condition of myocardial distress, which occurs when the coronary blood flow becomes inadequate to meet the demands for oxygen and necessary nutrients to myocardial cells, to perform their contractile function.Acute coronary syndrome includes a set of clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic alterations, given by a partial or complete coronary obstruction that causes ischemia, or a sudden and critical reduction in blood flow to the tissue If ischemia continues for a sufficiently long period of time, the myocardial cells will undergo necrosis and a heart attack will develop.Acute coronary syndromes include: Unstable angina (new onset, prolonged rest, in crescendo), myocardial infarction without elevation ST segment (subendocardial myocardial infarction or Nstemi) ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (transmural myocardial infarction or Stemi). The complete obstruction of a coronary artery, which generally determines a transmural ischemia / necrosis and is characteristic of Stemi, represents the most serious clinical condition, because the flow downstream of the obstruction will be completely absent. The ECG-graphic changes associated with myocardial infarction are divided into two categories: myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (Sca Stemi), myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (Sca Nstemi). The drug therapy that is implemented in coronary syndromes varies according to the presence or absence of the ST segment elevation. In the first case the acronym HAND (morphine, aspirin, nitroglycerin, oxygen) is implemented, in the second case the analgesic, anti-thrombotic, anti-aggregating therapy is administered, etc. to then evaluate the need or not in carrying out angioplasty. As in other highly complex care sectors, extra-hospital emergency-urgency requires nurses theoretical knowledge and specific skills, the operators of the nursing profession independently carry out activities aimed at the prevention and protection of individual and collective health, using planning methodologies for assistance objectives, remaining within their own area of competence. In the context of territorial emergency, reference is made to the SCA-STEMI AV5 Asur Marche protocol "Management of Primary Angioplasty in AV5", where the management of the patient with Sca Stemi is presented from the territory to the hemodynamics, in the reality of the Area Vasta 5; the Hub and Spoke network system is highlighted, with reference to the territory of Ascoli Piceno and San Benedetto Del Tronto. In conclusion, the purpose of this paper is to propose the implementation on the territory of telecardiology associated with the use of nursing ambulances, to ensure that there is a reduction in the timing and a better assistance provided. The sources used are reported in the bibliographical references and in the sitography.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: GESTIONE INFERMIERISTICA DEL PAZIENTE CON SCA STEMI IN AMBITO DELL'EMERGENZA TERRITORIALE
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/1201