Newborns can be differentiated into two major categories: full-term newborns and preterm or premature newborns. The latter are at high risk, manifesting different pathologies. A preterm infant is defined as a baby born before 34 weeks of gestation and in the case of excessive prematurity even 28-31 weeks as well as extremely premature babies who are born even before the 28th week. The main cause of preterm birth is rupture of the placenta and the main pathologies in preterm births are bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome and apneas. Consequently, it is necessary to have cardio-respiratory monitoring techniques in this particular population (for example, the use of biomarkers or the use of sophisticated 3D cameras). Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to compare the results obtained by the direct method with those obtained by the indirect method and to demonstrate their equality. In this way it will be possible to safeguard the health of the newborn using a non-invasive method rather than an invasive and more dangerous one. A research analysis was carried out on 10 premature subjects, without any congenital pathology, extrapolating the respiratory signal from the signal obtained from the electrocardiogram using the Segmented-Beat Modulation Method technique. The respiratory rate was extracted from these indirect signals. The results obtained were compared with the respiratory rates obtained directly calculated from respirators. The desired result was obtained as the equality of respiratory frequencies relating to both methods (direct and indirect) was verified. The need to compare the frequencies obtained by the two methods derives from the fact that the direct methodology is often too invasive, therefore by replacing it with an indirect methodology, the same or similar results can be achieved, significantly reducing the risks. To date, the data available are not sufficient, in fact the research is still in its infancy. In order to carry out further analyzes it will be necessary in the future to accumulate more data also on subjects suffering from pathologies due to prematurity.
I neonati possono essere differenziati in due grandi macrocategorie: neonati a termine e neonati pretermine o prematuri. Questi ultimi, sono soggetti ad alto rischio manifestando differenti patologie. Si definisce un neonato pretermine come un bambino nato prima di 34 settimane di gestazione e nel caso di eccessiva prematurità anche 28-31 settimane così come quelli estremamente prematuri che invece nascono ancor prima della 28° settimana. La principale causa della nascita pretermine è la rottura della placenta e le principali patologie nei pretermine la displasia broncopolmonare, la sindrome da distress respiratorio e le apnee. Di conseguenza a ciò è necessario avere delle tecniche di monitoraggio cardio-respiratorie in questa particolare popolazione (ad esempio l’utilizzo di biomarcatori o ancora l’utilizzo di telecamere 3D sofisticate). Quindi, lo scopo di questa tesi è paragonare i risultati ottenuti mediante metodo diretto con quelli ottenuti mediante metodo indiretto e dimostrarne l’uguaglianza. In questo modo sarà possibile salvaguardare la salute del neonato utilizzando una metodologia non invasiva piuttosto che una invasiva e più pericolosa. È stata effettuata un’analisi di ricerca su 10 soggetti prematuri, senza alcuna patologia congenita, estrapolando il segnale respiratorio dal segnale ottenuto dall’elettrocardiogramma mediante la tecnica Segmented-Beat Modulation Method. Da questi segnali indiretti è stata estratta la frequenza respiratoria. I risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con le frequenze respiratorie ottenute direttamente calcolate da respiratori. Si è ottenuto il risultato desiderato in quanto si è verificata l’uguaglianza delle frequenze respiratorie relative ad ambedue le metodologie (diretta e indiretta). La necessità di effettuare il confronto tra le frequenze ottenute mediante i due metodi deriva dal fatto che la metodologia diretta spesso è troppo invasiva perciò sostituendola con metodologia indiretta si può sopraggiungere ad uguali o simili risultati diminuendo notevolmente i rischi. Ad oggi i dati a disposizione non sono sufficienti infatti la ricerca è ancora in fase embrionale. Per poter effettuare ulteriori analisi sarà necessario in futuro accumulare più dati anche su soggetti affetti da patologie dovute alla prematurità.
Misura indiretta della frequenza respiratoria nei neonati prematuri
ROTONDELLA, GIORGIA
2020/2021
Abstract
Newborns can be differentiated into two major categories: full-term newborns and preterm or premature newborns. The latter are at high risk, manifesting different pathologies. A preterm infant is defined as a baby born before 34 weeks of gestation and in the case of excessive prematurity even 28-31 weeks as well as extremely premature babies who are born even before the 28th week. The main cause of preterm birth is rupture of the placenta and the main pathologies in preterm births are bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome and apneas. Consequently, it is necessary to have cardio-respiratory monitoring techniques in this particular population (for example, the use of biomarkers or the use of sophisticated 3D cameras). Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to compare the results obtained by the direct method with those obtained by the indirect method and to demonstrate their equality. In this way it will be possible to safeguard the health of the newborn using a non-invasive method rather than an invasive and more dangerous one. A research analysis was carried out on 10 premature subjects, without any congenital pathology, extrapolating the respiratory signal from the signal obtained from the electrocardiogram using the Segmented-Beat Modulation Method technique. The respiratory rate was extracted from these indirect signals. The results obtained were compared with the respiratory rates obtained directly calculated from respirators. The desired result was obtained as the equality of respiratory frequencies relating to both methods (direct and indirect) was verified. The need to compare the frequencies obtained by the two methods derives from the fact that the direct methodology is often too invasive, therefore by replacing it with an indirect methodology, the same or similar results can be achieved, significantly reducing the risks. To date, the data available are not sufficient, in fact the research is still in its infancy. In order to carry out further analyzes it will be necessary in the future to accumulate more data also on subjects suffering from pathologies due to prematurity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/1235