Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that scavenge iron from environmental stocks and deliver it to cells via specific receptors. While there has been tremendous interest in understanding the molecular basis of siderophore synthesis, uptake and regulation, questions about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of siderophore secretion have only recently received increasing attention. In this Review, we outline how eco-evolutionary questions can complement the mechanistic perspective and help to obtain a more integrated view of siderophores. In particular, we explain how secreted diffusible siderophores can affect other community members, leading to cooperative, exploitative and competitive interactions between individuals. These social interactions in turn can spur co-evolutionary arms races between strains and species, lead to ecological dependencies between them and potentially contribute to the formation of stable communities. In brief, this Review shows that siderophores are much more than just iron carriers: they are important mediators of interactions between members of microbial assemblies and the eukaryotic hosts they inhabit.
Il ferro è un oligoelemento essenziale per la maggior parte degli organismi. Un modo comune per i batteri di acquisire questo nutriente è la secrezione dei siderofori, metaboliti secondari che recuperano il ferro dalle riserve ambientali e lo trasportano alle cellule attraverso recettori specifici. Mentre c’è stato un enorme interesse nella comprensione delle basi molecolari della sintesi, dell’assorbimento e della regolazione dei siderofori hanno ricevuto solo di recente una crescente attenzione. In questa rassegna, illustriamo come le questioni coevolutive possano integrare la prospettiva meccanicistica e contibuire a ottenere una visione più integrata dei siderofori. In particolare, spieghiamo come i siderofori secreti e diffusibili possano influenzare gli altri membri della comunità, portando a interazioni cooperative, di sfruttamento e competitive tra gli individui. In breve, questa ricerca mostra come i siderofori sono molto più che semplici trasportatori di ferro: sono importanti mediatori delle interazioni tra i membri delle comunità microbiche e gli ospiti eucariotici che abitano.
Ruolo dei siderofori batterici nelle interazioni tra microrganismi e con l'ospite.
CANDELA, LORENZA
2021/2022
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that scavenge iron from environmental stocks and deliver it to cells via specific receptors. While there has been tremendous interest in understanding the molecular basis of siderophore synthesis, uptake and regulation, questions about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of siderophore secretion have only recently received increasing attention. In this Review, we outline how eco-evolutionary questions can complement the mechanistic perspective and help to obtain a more integrated view of siderophores. In particular, we explain how secreted diffusible siderophores can affect other community members, leading to cooperative, exploitative and competitive interactions between individuals. These social interactions in turn can spur co-evolutionary arms races between strains and species, lead to ecological dependencies between them and potentially contribute to the formation of stable communities. In brief, this Review shows that siderophores are much more than just iron carriers: they are important mediators of interactions between members of microbial assemblies and the eukaryotic hosts they inhabit.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/12408