Increasing studies are examining per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) induced toxicity and resulting health outcomes, including epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA expression). We critically reviewed current evidence from human epidemiological, in vitro, and animal studies, including mammalian and aquatic model organisms. Epidemiological studies identified the associations between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and epigenetic changes in both adult populations and birth cohorts. For in vitro studies, various cell types including neuroblasts, preadipocytes, and hepatocytes have been employed to understand epigenetic effects of PFAS. In studies with animal models, effects of early life exposure to PFAS have been examined using rodent models, and aquatic models (e.g., zebrafish) have been more frequently used in recent years. Several studies highlighted oxidative stress as a key mediator between epigenetic modification and health effects. Collectively, previous research clearly suggest involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in PFAS induced toxicity, though these efforts have primarily focused on specific PFASs (i.e. mainly PFOS and PFOA) or endpoints (i.e. cancer). Additional studies are necessary to define specific linkages among epigenetic mechanisms and related biomarkers or phenotypical changes. In addition, future research is also needed for understudied PFAS and complex mixtures. Studies of epigenetic effects elicited by individual PFAS and mixtures are needed within an adverse outcome pathways framework, which will advance an understanding of PFAS risks to public health and the environment, and support efforts to design less hazardous chemicals.
Un numero crescente di studi esamina la tossicità indotta dalle sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche (PFAS) e i conseguenti esiti sulla salute, comprese le modifiche epigenetiche (ad esempio la metilazione del DNA, la modificazione degli istoni, l'espressione dei microRNA). Abbiamo esaminato criticamente le prove attuali provenienti da studi epidemiologici sull'uomo, in vitro e sugli animali, compresi organismi modello acquatici e di mammifero. Gli studi epidemiologici hanno identificato le associazioni tra l'esposizione al perfluorottansolfonato (PFOS) o all'acido perfluorottanoico (PFOA) e i cambiamenti epigenetici sia nelle popolazioni adulte sia nelle coorti di nascita. Per gli studi in vitro, sono stati impiegati vari tipi di cellule, tra cui neuroblasti, preadipociti ed epatociti per comprendere gli effetti epigenetici dei PFAS. Negli studi su modelli animali, gli effetti dell'esposizione precoce ai PFAS sono stati esaminati utilizzando modelli di roditori, mentre negli ultimi anni sono stati utilizzati più frequentemente modelli acquatici (ad esempio, zebrafish). Diversi studi hanno evidenziato lo stress ossidativo come mediatore chiave tra le modifiche epigenetiche e gli effetti sulla salute. Nel complesso, le ricerche precedenti suggeriscono chiaramente il coinvolgimento dei meccanismi epigenetici nella tossicità indotta dai PFAS, anche se questi sforzi si sono concentrati principalmente su specifici PFAS (ad esempio soprattutto PFOS e PFOA) o endpoint (ad esempio il cancro). Sono necessari ulteriori studi per definire collegamenti specifici tra i meccanismi epigenetici e i biomarcatori o i cambiamenti fenotipici correlati. Inoltre, la ricerca futura è necessaria anche per i PFAS poco studiati e per le miscele complesse. Gli studi sugli effetti epigenetici provocati dai singoli PFAS e dalle miscele sono necessari all'interno di un quadro di percorsi di esiti avversi, che farà progredire la comprensione dei rischi dei PFAS per la salute pubblica e l'ambiente e sosterrà gli sforzi per progettare sostanze chimiche meno pericolose.
ESPOSIZIONE AI PFAS: RUOLO DELL'EPIGENETICA
TACCONELLI, BEATRICE
2021/2022
Abstract
Increasing studies are examining per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) induced toxicity and resulting health outcomes, including epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA expression). We critically reviewed current evidence from human epidemiological, in vitro, and animal studies, including mammalian and aquatic model organisms. Epidemiological studies identified the associations between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and epigenetic changes in both adult populations and birth cohorts. For in vitro studies, various cell types including neuroblasts, preadipocytes, and hepatocytes have been employed to understand epigenetic effects of PFAS. In studies with animal models, effects of early life exposure to PFAS have been examined using rodent models, and aquatic models (e.g., zebrafish) have been more frequently used in recent years. Several studies highlighted oxidative stress as a key mediator between epigenetic modification and health effects. Collectively, previous research clearly suggest involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in PFAS induced toxicity, though these efforts have primarily focused on specific PFASs (i.e. mainly PFOS and PFOA) or endpoints (i.e. cancer). Additional studies are necessary to define specific linkages among epigenetic mechanisms and related biomarkers or phenotypical changes. In addition, future research is also needed for understudied PFAS and complex mixtures. Studies of epigenetic effects elicited by individual PFAS and mixtures are needed within an adverse outcome pathways framework, which will advance an understanding of PFAS risks to public health and the environment, and support efforts to design less hazardous chemicals.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi_Tacconelli Beatrice.pdf
embargo fino al 20/02/2026
Dimensione
1.54 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.54 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/12423