MiRNA based therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that presents several advantages over conventional therapy. MiRNAs are often found to be deregulated in various deseases including cancer. However they are in need of an efficient delivery system to be carried out inside the cells. For this reason, exosomes as delivery systems has been proposed for miRNA based therapy. Exosomes are small vesicles involved in cellular communication, found to naturally carry several molecules such as miRNAs. Using as a therapeutic model malignant pleural mesothelioma, that is a rare type of cancer with no effective therapy, a novel approach has been proposed based on the use of exosomes in combination with miR-126. Two different types of exosomes, derived from HUVEC or HEK-293, has been investigated for this purpose. Comparison made in terms of: exosome production, efficient miR-126 loading, and uptake by different malignant and normal cells, was comparable. Circulating clearance has also been tested, because of its importance in the perspective of its clinical application. In spite of the good production, HEK-293 exosomes showed lack of a therapeutic effect. As a result, HUVEC exosomes were selected, however they still presented the issue of being released after treatment. To solve this issue, the combination with the GW4869, an inhibitor of exosomal release, has been proposed. Combination between GW4869 and miR-126 enriched exosomes increased cellular death. Finally, cell death occurred via necroptosis due to the inhibition of the autophagic flux.
La terapia basata sui miRNA è un nuovo approccio terapeutico che presenta innumerevoli vantaggi rispetto alla terapia tradizionale. I miRNA sono spesso deregolati in molte malattie, tra cui il cancro. Tuttavia, necessitano di un efficiente sistema di veicolo per essere trasportati all’interno delle cellule. È stato quindi proposto l’utilizzo degli esosomi come veicolo di trasporto per la terapia a base di miRNA. Gli esosomi sono delle vescicole extracellulari coinvolte nella comunicazione cellulare, al loro interno trasportano naturalmente vari tipi di molecole, tra cui i miRNA. Utilizzando come modello il mesotelioma maligno, un tipo di cancro raro ma per il quale ancora non esiste una terapia efficace, viene proposto un nuovo approccio terapeutico basato sull’utilizzo degli esosomi in combinazione con il miR-126. Sono stati utilizzati esosomi provenienti da due tipi diversi di cellule donatrici (HEK-293 e HUVEC). Il confronto in termini di produzione, efficienza nell’arricchimento con il miR-126 e di uptake da parte di diversi tipi di cellule maligne e normali, era confrontabile. È stata testata anche la clearance in circolo, un aspetto importante per l’applicazione clinica di questa terapia. Nonostante fossero prodotti in gran numero, gli esosomi da HEK-293 avevano scarso effetto terapeutico in termini di morte cellullare. Questo ha portato alla scelta degli esosomi da HUVEC che tuttavia presentavano ancora la problematica di essere in gran parte rilasciati dopo il trattamento. Per questo motivo è stata proposta la combinazione con la GW4869, un inibitore del rilascio esosomiale, che ha portato ad un aumento della morte nelle cellule trattate con esosomi arricchiti di miR-126. È stato infine valutato il meccanismo di morte che a causa dell’inibizione del flusso autofagico avviene per necroptosi.
Esosomi come sistema di veicolo per la terapia del mesotelioma maligno basata sui miRNA
STROGOVETS, OLGA
2021/2022
Abstract
MiRNA based therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that presents several advantages over conventional therapy. MiRNAs are often found to be deregulated in various deseases including cancer. However they are in need of an efficient delivery system to be carried out inside the cells. For this reason, exosomes as delivery systems has been proposed for miRNA based therapy. Exosomes are small vesicles involved in cellular communication, found to naturally carry several molecules such as miRNAs. Using as a therapeutic model malignant pleural mesothelioma, that is a rare type of cancer with no effective therapy, a novel approach has been proposed based on the use of exosomes in combination with miR-126. Two different types of exosomes, derived from HUVEC or HEK-293, has been investigated for this purpose. Comparison made in terms of: exosome production, efficient miR-126 loading, and uptake by different malignant and normal cells, was comparable. Circulating clearance has also been tested, because of its importance in the perspective of its clinical application. In spite of the good production, HEK-293 exosomes showed lack of a therapeutic effect. As a result, HUVEC exosomes were selected, however they still presented the issue of being released after treatment. To solve this issue, the combination with the GW4869, an inhibitor of exosomal release, has been proposed. Combination between GW4869 and miR-126 enriched exosomes increased cellular death. Finally, cell death occurred via necroptosis due to the inhibition of the autophagic flux.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/12458