Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge for the viticulture sector. Prolonged periods without rainfall cause effects on vine physiology, reducing yield and grape quality. The flow of nutrients, from roots to shoots, is closely related to water uptake; therefore a reduction in water availability corresponds to a reduction in nutrient availability. Damage can be alleviated with adaptation strategies such as the use of drought-tolerant cultivars and improved irrigation practices, which are not always sustainable. Among eco-friendly solutions, the adaptation of vineyards to water deficit can benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that live in the soil and naturally enter into symbiosis with plant roots; but it can be stimulated with specific applications of commercial mycorrhizal inoculation. AM fungi via their hyphae continuously exchange nutrients, exponentially expanding the root network. In this thesis work, a bibliographic survey was carried out by exploring the Scopus and Web of Science databases, analysing scientific research that investigated the role of AM in grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to water stress. Using the keywords 'grapevine', 'mycorrhiza' and 'drought', the search carried out up to April 2023 yielded 15 scientific papers, including 2 reviews and 13 research articles. The latter concern experiments carried out both in pots and in vineyards and involved various vine cultivars and rootstocks. The effects of AM were examined in relation to the indigenous mycorrhizal population, but mainly the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation consisting of either single species or mixes containing multiple AM species was tested. Several parameters were evaluated, such as variation in mycorrhizal colonization in the roots, plant water content, impact on berry growth and quality, photosynthetic parameters, and impact on hormone metabolism. The analysis of the articles, while highlighting different behaviour associated with the type of host-plant-mycorrhiza interaction, attributes an important role to the mycorrhizal symbiosis in grapevines, which supports the plant's vigour by helping it withstand water deficiency. The study that emerged from this work suggests that the use of AM fungi in the vineyard can represent an important strategy for sustainable agriculture by contributing to savings in water consumption while at the same time improving production quality.
L'adattamento al cambiamento climatico è una sfida importante per il settore della viticoltura. Periodi prolungati senza precipitazioni causano effetti sulla fisiologia della vite, riducendo resa e qualità dell’uva. Il flusso dei nutrienti, dalle radici ai germogli, è strettamente correlato all’assorbimento di acqua; quindi ad una riduzione della disponibilità di acqua corrisponde quella dei nutrienti. I danni possono essere alleviati con strategie di adattamento quali utilizzo di cultivar tolleranti la siccità e migliori pratiche di irrigazione, non sempre sostenibili. Tra le soluzioni eco-compatibili, l’adattamento dei vigneti al deficit idrico può trarre beneficio dai funghi micorrizici arbuscolari (MA) che vivono nel terreno ed entrano naturalmente in simbiosi con le radici delle piante; ma può essere stimolato con specifiche applicazioni di inoculi micorrizici commerciali. I funghi MA tramite le loro ife scambiano continuamente sostanze nutritive ampliando esponenzialmente la rete radicale. In questo lavoro di tesi è stata fatta un’indagine bibliografica esplorando le banche dati Scopus e Web of Science analizzando le ricerche scientifiche che si sono occupate di studiare il ruolo delle MA in cultivar di vite (Vitis vinifera L.) sottoposte a stress idrico. Utilizzando le parole chiave ‘grapevine’, ‘mycorrhiza’ e ‘drought’, dalla ricerca effettuata fino ad aprile 2023, sono emersi 15 lavori scientifici, di cui 2 rassegne e 13 articoli di ricerca. Questi ultimi riguardano sperimentazioni svolte sia in vaso che in vigneto ed hanno coinvolto diverse cultivar di vite e portinnesti. Gli effetti delle MA sono stati esaminati in relazione alla popolazione micorrizica indigena ma principalmente è stato verificato l’effetto di inoculi micorrizici costituiti o da singole specie o da mix contenti specie MA multiple. Diversi sono stati i parametri valutati, come la variazione della colonizzazione micorrizica nelle radici, il contenuto idrico della pianta, l’impatto sulla crescita e sulla qualità delle bacche, i parametri fotosintetici, e l’impatto sul metabolismo ormonale. La disamina degli articoli pur evidenziando un differente comportamento associato alla tipologia di interazione pianta ospite- micorriza, attribuisce un importante ruolo alla simbiosi micorrizica in vite che sostenendo la vigoria della pianta la aiuta a sopportare la carenza idrica. Lo studio emerso da questo lavoro suggerisce che l’impiego dei fungi MA in vigneto possono rappresentare una strategia importante per un'agricoltura sostenibile contribuendo al risparmio in materia di consumo d'acqua e allo stesso tempo migliorano la qualità della produzione.
Influenza dei funghi micorrizici arbuscolari su vite in condizioni di carenza idrica
NARCISI, LEONARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge for the viticulture sector. Prolonged periods without rainfall cause effects on vine physiology, reducing yield and grape quality. The flow of nutrients, from roots to shoots, is closely related to water uptake; therefore a reduction in water availability corresponds to a reduction in nutrient availability. Damage can be alleviated with adaptation strategies such as the use of drought-tolerant cultivars and improved irrigation practices, which are not always sustainable. Among eco-friendly solutions, the adaptation of vineyards to water deficit can benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that live in the soil and naturally enter into symbiosis with plant roots; but it can be stimulated with specific applications of commercial mycorrhizal inoculation. AM fungi via their hyphae continuously exchange nutrients, exponentially expanding the root network. In this thesis work, a bibliographic survey was carried out by exploring the Scopus and Web of Science databases, analysing scientific research that investigated the role of AM in grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to water stress. Using the keywords 'grapevine', 'mycorrhiza' and 'drought', the search carried out up to April 2023 yielded 15 scientific papers, including 2 reviews and 13 research articles. The latter concern experiments carried out both in pots and in vineyards and involved various vine cultivars and rootstocks. The effects of AM were examined in relation to the indigenous mycorrhizal population, but mainly the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation consisting of either single species or mixes containing multiple AM species was tested. Several parameters were evaluated, such as variation in mycorrhizal colonization in the roots, plant water content, impact on berry growth and quality, photosynthetic parameters, and impact on hormone metabolism. The analysis of the articles, while highlighting different behaviour associated with the type of host-plant-mycorrhiza interaction, attributes an important role to the mycorrhizal symbiosis in grapevines, which supports the plant's vigour by helping it withstand water deficiency. The study that emerged from this work suggests that the use of AM fungi in the vineyard can represent an important strategy for sustainable agriculture by contributing to savings in water consumption while at the same time improving production quality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Compilati Leonardo Narcisi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/13971