The paper is divided into two parts, the first deals with change management and additive manufacturing. In the first part, I deal with the concept of change management as the process of planning and coordinating individuals, teams, organizations to enable a transition from a current structure to the desired future. I talk about change management methods in the literature, starting with Lewin and ending with the Kubler-Ross model. The change management process must consider complex variables and implement the available resources with the plan or system developed in this transition. The implementation, and therefore the thrust and facilitation that change management provides in this transition understudy stems from the need to be responsive to the market and address the complexity of the management systems that have been optimized at best. Among the many variables that must be considered and harmonized, change management can weigh the impact of its intervention in a very complex ecosystem. It is enough to consider just a few elements that must be taken into account, such as the people directly involved in the change process, society, the evolution of technology, competition, the objectives to be achieved. In this complexity, change management has both a predictive role (and therefore of analysis and development) and that of facilitation and management towards the pre-determined change. In the second part, I look at additive manufacturing and the different additive manufacturing processes that exist. I analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this emerging technology compared to traditional manufacturing, such as injection molding. The Additive Manufacturing process is taken as an example of a technology that has great challenges to change. The many potential applications of this technology can be evaluated and ultimately implemented by change management managers. By evaluating through cost-effective analysis like Change Management, we can see if it's convenient to apply the technology and generate profits. Also, like the change management approach, additive manufacturing can only significantly impact and benefit if it is associated with ongoing research. In summary, according to my research presented above, research and continuous improvement are two fundamental points to remain competitive. Research in technology, especially Additive Manufacturing, is fundamental to its potential in the marketplace that will disrupt traditional manufacturing. This will reduce lead time, time for assembly, cost of logistics, etc. In order to survive and, more importantly, to stand out, it is important for a company to evaluate emerging technologies that aim to improve and increase its competitive advantage. In AM, the "drivers" or methodologies are likely to be identified. In human resources, these exact and optimization models are not applicable. Change management cannot propose a paradigm that guarantees success. It should broaden the operational horizon by evaluating and acting with the awareness that it is not based on already established models. On the other hand, change management can be a useful and helpful tool if the processes and methods proposed in the literature are considered, considering the many complex parameters such as society, the external environment, the transmission of social values, etc. So, change management, if adequately studied and used, is an added value.
Il lavoro di questa tesi si divide in due parti, la prima parla di change management e la seconda di additive manufacturing. Nella prima parte tratto il concetto del change management come il processo di pianificazione e coordinamento di individui, team, organizzazioni al fine di consentire una transizione da un assetto corrente ad uno futuro desiderato. Parlo dei metodi del change management nella letteratura, a partire da Lewin a finire con il modello di Kubler-Ross. In questa transizione il processo di change management deve prendere in considerazione variabili complesse ed implementare le risorse disponibili con il piano o il sistema che ha elaborato. L’implementazione, e quindi la spinta e l’agevolazione fornita dal change management verso questa transizione studiata, nasce dalla necessità di essere reattivi sul mercato e sensibili alla complessità dei sistemi gestionali ottimizzati al meglio. Tra le tante variabili che devono essere consideraste e armonizzate, al change management spetta il compito di ponderare gli effetti del proprio intervento in un ecosistema molto complesso. Per avere un’idea di questa complessità basti considerare solo alcuni elementi che devono essere tenuti in considerazione, come le persone direttamente coinvolte nel processo di cambiamento, la società, l’evoluzione della tecnologia, la concorrenza, i traguardi da raggiungere. In questa complessità al change management spetta sia un ruolo predittivo (e quindi di analisi e sviluppo) che di agevolazione e gestione verso il cambiamento prefissato. Nella seconda parte tratto dell’additive manufacturing e dei vari processi di additive manufacturing che esistono. Analizzo i vantaggi e svantaggi di questa tecnologia emergente rispetto alla produzione tradizionale come, per esempio, lo stampaggio ad iniezione. Il processo di Additive Manufacturing è preso come esempio di una tecnologia che presenta grandi sfide verso il cambiamento. Le tante possibilità applicative di questa tecnologia additiva possono essere valutate dai responsabili del change management ed eventualmente implementate. Ma ovviamente si deve tenere in considerazione quanto i costi (ancora elevati) legati all’acquisto o alla gestione di stampanti 3D possano essere sostenuti, generando profitti per una determinata compagnia. Anche l’additive manufacturing, come l’approccio del change management, riesce ad avere un impatto considerevole e un’utilità rilevante, solo quando è accompagnato da una ricerca costante. In conclusione, a seguito dalle mie ricerche sopra esposte, è evidente come la ricerca e il miglioramento continuo siano due punti fondamentali per rimanere competitivi. La ricerca sulla tecnologia, la Additive Manufacturing in particolare è fondamentale per il potenziale che ha sul mercato, posto a sconvolgere la produzione tradizionale. Riducendo così il lead-time, il tempo per l’assemblamento, il costo della logistica etc. È importante per un’azienda, per sopravvivere e soprattutto per distinguersi, la valutazione delle tecnologie emergenti volte a migliorare ed aumentare il proprio vantaggio competitivo. Mentre per quanto riguarda l’AM, i “drivers” o i metodi sono più o meno identificabili, un punto importante sul quale modelli esatti e di ottimizzazione sono poco applicabili sono le risorse umane. Il change management non può proporre un paradigma per garantire il successo. Esso dovrebbe allargare gli orizzonti operativi, valutando e agendo con la consapevolezza che non avviene su modelli prestabiliti. D’altro canto, il change management può essere uno strumento molto utile se si tengono in considerazione i processi e metodi proposti della letteratura, tenendo conto dei tanti parametri complessi come la società, l’ambiente esterno, la condivisione dei valori sociali etc. Quindi il change management, se studiato e usato propriamente un extra valore aggiunto.
Gli aspetti della gestione del cambiamento nell’integrazione delle tecnologie emergenti: il caso della manifattura additiva
KURTAGA, BORA
2020/2021
Abstract
The paper is divided into two parts, the first deals with change management and additive manufacturing. In the first part, I deal with the concept of change management as the process of planning and coordinating individuals, teams, organizations to enable a transition from a current structure to the desired future. I talk about change management methods in the literature, starting with Lewin and ending with the Kubler-Ross model. The change management process must consider complex variables and implement the available resources with the plan or system developed in this transition. The implementation, and therefore the thrust and facilitation that change management provides in this transition understudy stems from the need to be responsive to the market and address the complexity of the management systems that have been optimized at best. Among the many variables that must be considered and harmonized, change management can weigh the impact of its intervention in a very complex ecosystem. It is enough to consider just a few elements that must be taken into account, such as the people directly involved in the change process, society, the evolution of technology, competition, the objectives to be achieved. In this complexity, change management has both a predictive role (and therefore of analysis and development) and that of facilitation and management towards the pre-determined change. In the second part, I look at additive manufacturing and the different additive manufacturing processes that exist. I analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this emerging technology compared to traditional manufacturing, such as injection molding. The Additive Manufacturing process is taken as an example of a technology that has great challenges to change. The many potential applications of this technology can be evaluated and ultimately implemented by change management managers. By evaluating through cost-effective analysis like Change Management, we can see if it's convenient to apply the technology and generate profits. Also, like the change management approach, additive manufacturing can only significantly impact and benefit if it is associated with ongoing research. In summary, according to my research presented above, research and continuous improvement are two fundamental points to remain competitive. Research in technology, especially Additive Manufacturing, is fundamental to its potential in the marketplace that will disrupt traditional manufacturing. This will reduce lead time, time for assembly, cost of logistics, etc. In order to survive and, more importantly, to stand out, it is important for a company to evaluate emerging technologies that aim to improve and increase its competitive advantage. In AM, the "drivers" or methodologies are likely to be identified. In human resources, these exact and optimization models are not applicable. Change management cannot propose a paradigm that guarantees success. It should broaden the operational horizon by evaluating and acting with the awareness that it is not based on already established models. On the other hand, change management can be a useful and helpful tool if the processes and methods proposed in the literature are considered, considering the many complex parameters such as society, the external environment, the transmission of social values, etc. So, change management, if adequately studied and used, is an added value.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Kurtaga_Tesi_Con_Riassunto_ITA.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/1505