This paper was born with the intent to analyze what are the main methodologies that are used by multinational companies to avoid taxation in their countries of reference. The basic idea was born thanks to the lessons of my supervisor who, after in-depth analysis of specific cases, has instilled in me this desire to know the real reasons that lead States and Companies to collaborate to achieve a common goal, that of making laws and regulations obsolete, exploiting regulatory holes to evade taxation and create a strong imbalance between those who operate cleanly, paying and declaring all that is due to them, and those who instead seek in every way to exploit their power to create significant tax advantages, which mostly affect small businesses and entrepreneurs. The analysis starts from a scrupulous documentation, aimed to know all those methodologies put in place by the European Commission to stem this kind of problems, starting from Tax Rulings up to the transparency on the distribution of income. Later, I shifted my attention to a multinational company that has specifically exploited these regulatory holes to create its own advantageous position in the international market: Ikea. The modus operandi is very similar to that of many other multinationals that, by exploiting the minimal taxation on royalties proposed by some tax havens, create enormous profits that put them even more in a situation of advantage and power than they already are. Finally, I've tried to encapsulate all of the new reforms enacted by the OECD to combat this huge scourge, starting with the CFC and ending with the latest big idea that will hopefully put a definitive stop to the overwhelming power of the companies in question, the Global Minimum Tax, which encapsulates the possibility of creating minimum taxation for all those companies with a large turnover, so as to put them all on the same level before the law, and not above it.
Questo elaborato nasce con l’intento di analizzare quali sono le principali metodologie che vengono utilizzate da parte delle Multinazionali per eludere la tassazione nei loro paesi di riferimento. L’idea di base è nata grazie alle lezioni del mio relatore che, dopo approfondite analisi dei casi specifici, ha inculcato in me questo desiderio di conoscere i veri motivi che portano Stati e Aziende a collaborare per raggiungere un fine comune, quello di rendere obsolete leggi e regolamenti, sfruttando buchi normativi per eludere la tassazione e creare un forte scompenso tra coloro che operano in maniera pulita, versando e dichiarando tutto ciò che gli compete, e coloro che invece cercano in ogni modo di sfruttare il loro potere per creare vantaggi fiscali importanti, che per lo più si ripercuotono su piccole imprese ed imprenditori. L’analisi parte da una scrupolosa documentazione, volta a conoscere tutte quelle metodologie messe in essere da parte della Commissione Europea per arginare questo tipo di problemi, partendo dai Tax Rulings fino ad arrivare alla trasparenza sulla ripartizione del reddito. In seguito, ho spostato l’attenzione su una Multinazionale che nello specifico ha sfruttato a suo favore questi buchi normativi per creare la propria posizione di vantaggio all’interno del mercato internazionale: Ikea. Il modus operandi è molto simile a quello di molte altre multinazionali che, sfruttando la tassazione minima sulle royalties proposte da alcuni paradisi fiscali, creano profitti enormi che li pongono ancor più in una situazione di vantaggio e potere rispetto a quanto già non siano. Infine, ho cercato di racchiudere tutte le nuove riforme varate dall’OECD per combattere questa immane piaga, partendo dal CFC fino ad arrivare all’ultima grande idea che si spera possa porre un freno definitivo allo strapotere delle aziende in questione, la Global Minimum Tax, che racchiude la possibilità di creare una tassazione minima per tutte quelle aziende con un grande fatturato, così da porle tutte al medesimo livello di fronte la legge, e non al di sopra di essa.
Multi-National Companies: an endless race to tax evasion.
CARUSI, RAFFAELE
2020/2021
Abstract
This paper was born with the intent to analyze what are the main methodologies that are used by multinational companies to avoid taxation in their countries of reference. The basic idea was born thanks to the lessons of my supervisor who, after in-depth analysis of specific cases, has instilled in me this desire to know the real reasons that lead States and Companies to collaborate to achieve a common goal, that of making laws and regulations obsolete, exploiting regulatory holes to evade taxation and create a strong imbalance between those who operate cleanly, paying and declaring all that is due to them, and those who instead seek in every way to exploit their power to create significant tax advantages, which mostly affect small businesses and entrepreneurs. The analysis starts from a scrupulous documentation, aimed to know all those methodologies put in place by the European Commission to stem this kind of problems, starting from Tax Rulings up to the transparency on the distribution of income. Later, I shifted my attention to a multinational company that has specifically exploited these regulatory holes to create its own advantageous position in the international market: Ikea. The modus operandi is very similar to that of many other multinationals that, by exploiting the minimal taxation on royalties proposed by some tax havens, create enormous profits that put them even more in a situation of advantage and power than they already are. Finally, I've tried to encapsulate all of the new reforms enacted by the OECD to combat this huge scourge, starting with the CFC and ending with the latest big idea that will hopefully put a definitive stop to the overwhelming power of the companies in question, the Global Minimum Tax, which encapsulates the possibility of creating minimum taxation for all those companies with a large turnover, so as to put them all on the same level before the law, and not above it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/1555