The Covid-19 pandemic is a huge challenge for our society. It has involved many aspects of our lives: from a health point of view (the most devastating one of course, Italy has lost one person out of 500 inhabitants, the biggest tragedy after the Second World War) going through the environmental one, concluding with the economic crisis. In this work it will be presented an overview of the measures adopted to counteract the effects the pandemic had on the economic life of Italy, going from a macroeconomic point of view to a more specific, micro-economical one. If Europe (and Italy in particular) was still recovering from the 2008 crisis in terms of GDP and unemployment rates, another crisis was certainly not the best thing that could have happened. During the outbreak of the pandemic, thus February 2021, Italy was going through political instability as many other times in its past. The government in power was the second chaired by Giuseppe Conte that, after the first one with Matteo Salvini and the League, was leading the 5-Stars Movement into a second partnership with the Democratic Party and Italia Viva, the party led by Matteo Renzi. Accordingly, it will be analyzed how these three figures were the most crucial ones, mostly in the starting phase of the pandemic: they had very different views on how to overcome those difficult times and they had very distant approaches that influenced, each with his own mark, the way Italy took to get out of the crisis. Someone was keen on the health aspects and on the pandemic restraint, others were more careful about economic interests and proposed a more industry-oriented approach. Other two important figures were Mario Draghi, former European Central Bank president and current Italian Prime Minister; and Roberto Speranza, the health minister for both Draghi and Conte. Moreover, it will be scanned how some interesting foreign countries approached the pandemic, which measures they chose and how these differ from the ones Italy adopted, with the relative pros and cons. Furthermore, it will be the turn of the micro-economical analysis. In this part, it will be explained how Italian entrepreneurs have reacted to the Covid-19 outbreak, the difficulties they had to overcome and how they are currently doing. Italian entrepreneurship has peculiar features that made it unique in Europe and probably in the world. Italy is, as of today like in the past, characterized by small and medium enterprises. The Italian production industry is composed by a big number of networks made of small and medium firms that interact with each other. It is clear how this represents a totally different scenario compared to the USA for example, in which many multinational and big companies represent the core structure of the economy. A large company has many more resources than a small one and the challenges they must overcome in a pandemic situation are totally different. This analysis will be carried out thanks to some fundamental reference texts for the sector. The report will emphasize the peculiarity of the Italian economic and entrepreneurial fabric, which is probably unique in the Western world. It will analyze the different characteristics that make up Italian entrepreneurship, highlighting and relating these features to the covid-19 pandemic and the problems associated with it. How has the Italian entrepreneur reacted to covid? Which features of Italian entrepreneurship have been helpful? Which features of Italian entrepreneurship have been a hindrance? It will be analyzed as an example the Giorgio Fabiani case, a firm operating in the Marche region (Italian Adriatic coast). For analytical reasons, the theming follows a threefold periodization of pandemic impact: February-May 2020; June-November 2020; December 2020-July 2021. Methodologically, the paper will adopt the conceptual tools of the macro-and micro-economic perspective, as well as those of the sociology of entrepreneurship.
La pandemia di Covid-19 è una sfida enorme per la nostra società. Ha coinvolto molti aspetti della nostra vita: dal punto di vista sanitario (il più devastante naturalmente, l'Italia ha perso una persona su 500 abitanti, la più grande tragedia dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale) passando per quello ambientale, per concludere con la crisi economica. In questo lavoro verrà presentata una panoramica delle misure adottate per contrastare gli effetti che la pandemia ha avuto sulla vita economica dell'Italia, passando da un punto di vista macroeconomico ad uno più specifico, microeconomico. Se l'Europa (e l'Italia in particolare) si stava ancora riprendendo dalla crisi del 2008 in termini di PIL e tassi di disoccupazione, un'altra crisi non era certo la cosa migliore che potesse accadere. Durante lo scoppio della pandemia, quindi febbraio 2021, l'Italia stava attraversando una fase di instabilità politica come tante altre volte nel suo passato. Il governo in carica era il secondo presieduto da Giuseppe Conte e il Movimento 5 Stelle, dopo il primo con Matteo Salvini e la Lega, con il Partito Democratico e Italia Viva, il partito guidato da Matteo Renzi. Di conseguenza, si analizzerà come queste tre figure siano state le più cruciali, soprattutto nella fase iniziale della pandemia: hanno avuto visioni molto diverse su come superare quei momenti difficili e hanno tenuto approcci molto distanti tra loro che hanno influenzato, ognuno con la propria impronta, la strada intrapresa dall'Italia per uscire dalla crisi. Qualcuno puntava sul contenimento della pandemia, sottolineava di più l’aspetto sanitario e porgeva di più l’attenzione al sistema sanitario nazionale, altri erano più attenti agli interessi economici e proponevano un approccio più orientato all'industria. Altre due figure importanti sono state Mario Draghi, ex presidente della Banca Centrale Europea e attuale Primo Ministro italiano, e Roberto Speranza, Ministro della Salute sia col governo Draghi che col governo Conte. Inoltre, verrà analizzato come alcuni interessanti paesi stranieri hanno affrontato la pandemia, quali misure hanno scelto e come queste differiscono da quelle adottate dall'Italia, con i relativi pro e contro. Sarà poi la volta dell'analisi microeconomica. In questa parte verrà spiegato come gli imprenditori italiani hanno reagito all'epidemia di Covid-19, le difficoltà che hanno dovuto superare e come si stanno comportando attualmente. L'imprenditoria italiana ha caratteristiche peculiari che la rendono unica in Europa e probabilmente nel mondo. L'Italia è, oggi come ieri, caratterizzata da piccole e medie imprese. Questa analisi sarà realizzata grazie ad alcuni testi di riferimento fondamentali per il settore. La relazione metterà in evidenza la peculiarità del tessuto economico e imprenditoriale italiano, probabilmente unico nel mondo occidentale. Analizzerà le diverse caratteristiche che compongono l'imprenditoria italiana, evidenziando e mettendo in relazione queste caratteristiche con la pandemia di covid-19 e le problematiche ad essa associate. Come ha reagito l'imprenditore italiano al covid? Quali caratteristiche dell'imprenditoria italiana sono state utili? Quali caratteristiche dell'imprenditoria italiana sono state un ostacolo? Verrà analizzato come esempio il caso Giorgio Fabiani, un'azienda che opera nella regione Marche (costa adriatica italiana). Per ragioni analitiche, la tematizzazione segue una triplice periodizzazione dell’impatto della pandemia: febbraio-maggio 2020; giugno-novembre 2020; dicembre 2020-luglio 2021. Dal punto di vista metodologico, il lavoro adotterà gli strumenti concettuali della prospettiva macro e microeconomica, così come di quelli della sociologia dell'imprenditorialità.
COVID ECONOMY: HOW INSTITUTIONS AND ENTREPRENEURS HAVE RESPONDED TO THE COVID-19 CRISIS AND POSSIBLE FUTURE SCENARIOS, FROM AN INTERNATIONAL TO A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE.
MANCINI, LEONARDO
2020/2021
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic is a huge challenge for our society. It has involved many aspects of our lives: from a health point of view (the most devastating one of course, Italy has lost one person out of 500 inhabitants, the biggest tragedy after the Second World War) going through the environmental one, concluding with the economic crisis. In this work it will be presented an overview of the measures adopted to counteract the effects the pandemic had on the economic life of Italy, going from a macroeconomic point of view to a more specific, micro-economical one. If Europe (and Italy in particular) was still recovering from the 2008 crisis in terms of GDP and unemployment rates, another crisis was certainly not the best thing that could have happened. During the outbreak of the pandemic, thus February 2021, Italy was going through political instability as many other times in its past. The government in power was the second chaired by Giuseppe Conte that, after the first one with Matteo Salvini and the League, was leading the 5-Stars Movement into a second partnership with the Democratic Party and Italia Viva, the party led by Matteo Renzi. Accordingly, it will be analyzed how these three figures were the most crucial ones, mostly in the starting phase of the pandemic: they had very different views on how to overcome those difficult times and they had very distant approaches that influenced, each with his own mark, the way Italy took to get out of the crisis. Someone was keen on the health aspects and on the pandemic restraint, others were more careful about economic interests and proposed a more industry-oriented approach. Other two important figures were Mario Draghi, former European Central Bank president and current Italian Prime Minister; and Roberto Speranza, the health minister for both Draghi and Conte. Moreover, it will be scanned how some interesting foreign countries approached the pandemic, which measures they chose and how these differ from the ones Italy adopted, with the relative pros and cons. Furthermore, it will be the turn of the micro-economical analysis. In this part, it will be explained how Italian entrepreneurs have reacted to the Covid-19 outbreak, the difficulties they had to overcome and how they are currently doing. Italian entrepreneurship has peculiar features that made it unique in Europe and probably in the world. Italy is, as of today like in the past, characterized by small and medium enterprises. The Italian production industry is composed by a big number of networks made of small and medium firms that interact with each other. It is clear how this represents a totally different scenario compared to the USA for example, in which many multinational and big companies represent the core structure of the economy. A large company has many more resources than a small one and the challenges they must overcome in a pandemic situation are totally different. This analysis will be carried out thanks to some fundamental reference texts for the sector. The report will emphasize the peculiarity of the Italian economic and entrepreneurial fabric, which is probably unique in the Western world. It will analyze the different characteristics that make up Italian entrepreneurship, highlighting and relating these features to the covid-19 pandemic and the problems associated with it. How has the Italian entrepreneur reacted to covid? Which features of Italian entrepreneurship have been helpful? Which features of Italian entrepreneurship have been a hindrance? It will be analyzed as an example the Giorgio Fabiani case, a firm operating in the Marche region (Italian Adriatic coast). For analytical reasons, the theming follows a threefold periodization of pandemic impact: February-May 2020; June-November 2020; December 2020-July 2021. Methodologically, the paper will adopt the conceptual tools of the macro-and micro-economic perspective, as well as those of the sociology of entrepreneurship.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi (PDFA).pdf
Open Access dal 17/10/2023
Descrizione: Tesi di Leonardo Mancini.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/1564