The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic ecosystem has become a topic of growing interest in recent years. In this study, the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum was exposed during 14 days to concentrations close to those found in the environment: (15 μg L−1 ) of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), three pharmaceuticals widely used worldwide and commonly found within the aquatic environment. Additionally, exposure was followed by a depuration phase (7 days). A battery of biomarkers (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, total glutathione peroxidase T-GPx, glutathione transferase GST, lipid peroxidation LPO, acetylcholinesterase AChE and metallothionein MT) was evaluated throughout the exposure and depuration. The Integrated Biomarker Response index was calculated with all selected biomarkers and used as a complementary tool in the evaluation of the organisms’ health status. Exposure induced changes in the clams’ biochemical responses that led to the hypothesis of the harmful role of the pharmaceuticals resulting in negative effects (changes in enzyme activities, LPO and MT levels, related to ROS production) particularly after short-term exposure. However, the clams showed the ability to cope with these imbalances by recovering their general oxidative status by the end of exposure.
In questo studio la vongola marina Ruditapes philippinarum è stata sottoposta ad analisi per 14 giorni prendendo come riferimento concentrazioni di farmaci vicine a quelle che si trovano comunemente in ambiente marino: (15 μg L-1) di carbamazepina (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) e ibuprofene (IBU). L'esposizione è stata poi seguita da una depurazione (7 giorni)e durante le due fasi è stata valutata una batteria di biomarcatori (superossido dismutasi SOD, catalasi CAT, glutatione reduttasi GR, glutatione perossidasi totale T-GPx, glutatione transferasi GST, perossidazione lipidica LPO, acetilcolinesterasi AChE e metallotioneina MT). L'indice Integrato di Risposta dei Biomarcatori è stato calcolato su tutti i biomarcatori selezionati e utilizzato come strumento per la valutazione dello stato di salute degli organismi. L'esposizione ai farmaci ha indotto cambiamenti nelle risposte biochimiche delle vongole che hanno portato ad ipotizzare un ruolo dannoso dei farmaci con possibili effetti negativi (cambiamenti nelle attività enzimatiche, livelli di LPO e MT, legati alla produzione di ROS) dopo l'esposizione a breve termine. Tuttavia, le vongole hanno mostrato la loro abilità nel far fronte a questi squilibri recuperando lo stato ossidativo generale entro la fine della fase di esposizione.
Effetto della carbamazepina, del diclofenac e dell'ibuprofene sulla vongola Ruditapes philippinarum: Approccio multibiomarker integrato.
BERLUTI, MARTINA
2020/2021
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic ecosystem has become a topic of growing interest in recent years. In this study, the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum was exposed during 14 days to concentrations close to those found in the environment: (15 μg L−1 ) of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU), three pharmaceuticals widely used worldwide and commonly found within the aquatic environment. Additionally, exposure was followed by a depuration phase (7 days). A battery of biomarkers (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, total glutathione peroxidase T-GPx, glutathione transferase GST, lipid peroxidation LPO, acetylcholinesterase AChE and metallothionein MT) was evaluated throughout the exposure and depuration. The Integrated Biomarker Response index was calculated with all selected biomarkers and used as a complementary tool in the evaluation of the organisms’ health status. Exposure induced changes in the clams’ biochemical responses that led to the hypothesis of the harmful role of the pharmaceuticals resulting in negative effects (changes in enzyme activities, LPO and MT levels, related to ROS production) particularly after short-term exposure. However, the clams showed the ability to cope with these imbalances by recovering their general oxidative status by the end of exposure.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/157