Hydrogen as an energy carrier: scenarios for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

This dissertation offers a deep dive into the significance of hydrogen and methane in the realm of greenhouse gases and energy generation. We begin by dissecting the essence of greenhouse gases, with a specific emphasis on methane. We then delve into the hydrogen endeavour, exploring various methods for hydrogen production, including grey, blue, and turquoise varieties. The investigation progresses by exploring diverse hydrogen storage technologies like compressed hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen, hydrogen adsorption, metal hydrides, and chemical hydrides. It also delves into the production of hydrogen derived from methane, encompassing methods like methane reforming and methane pyrolysis. A meticulous description and underlying assumptions of a Steam Methane Reforming Hydrogen Plant are provided, including discussions on its air emissions, greenhouse gas production, global warming potential, and energy consumption. The analysis extends to the gas pipeline system, encompassing the hydrogen pipeline, existing infrastructure, and the process of repurposing gas pipelines through retrofitting. The study further explores methane emissions, drawing comparisons between the 100-year and 20-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane and hydrogen. Additionally, it compares the heating value of both gases. The focus then shifts to the use of natural gas in Europe, with discussions revolving around the transition to hydrogen and outlining two potential scenarios for this shift. The dissertation concludes with a discourse on future investments in hydrogen. This extensive examination aims to provide a comprehensive grasp of the role of hydrogen and methane in the context of energy production and greenhouse gas emissions, offering valuable knowledge for future research and policy formulation. The references section provides a list of all sources consulted during the preparation of this work.