In the presence of cardiac diseases and following therapeutic interventions to address them, it is essential to monitor the electrocardiographic activity of individuals to determine their health status. In particular, this study focused on the potential effects on cardiac activity as a result of the insertion of coronary stents during the coronary angioplasty procedure, aimed at treating acute myocardial ischemia events. In fact, the analysis of the acquired electrocardiographic data allows for the assessment of the subject's condition during various phases of the day, identifying the presence of any anomalies. Thanks to the knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, particularly the heart muscle and its coronary arteries, we can investigate the symptoms, causes, and effects of cardiac dysfunctions. Starting from an in-depth study of the electrocardiographic signal and its proper acquisition, the goal is to promptly detect cardiac anomalies and intervene in case of acute severity. After exploring coronary diseases, particularly the phenomenon of cardiac ischemia and coronary occlusion, and potential treatment procedures such as angioplasty, the document addressed the real case of the patient under study, presenting clinical data regarding their hospital journey, the undergone surgical procedure, and the prescribed pharmacological therapy. Taking into account the general and predictable long-term consequences highlighted in the subject, the experimentation aimed to collect a database of biomedical data to identify any anomalies directly linked to the revascularization intervention, through the recording and analysis of the electrocardiographic signal acquired with the KardiaMobile 6L sensor (AliveCor, Inc.). This type of sensors allows for prolonged continuous monitoring, even autonomously, of cardiac patients. This ensures active prevention of acute events such as myocardial infarctions, keeping even the highest-risk subjects under strict control. Specifically, in this study, data acquisition was performed for five consecutive days, with seven measurements each day. The time frames considered for detection were chosen based on the subject's daily habits, following a protocol that was then repeated identically day by day to ensure comparability between data collected on different days but at the same times. The main anomaly identified in the heart rhythm is bradycardia, along with some other minor nonsignificant arrhythmias, as the measured heart rate values were consistently relatively low, below 60 bpm, with some signals dropping as low as 48 bpm. Some variations in heartbeats can be attributed to external interferences, normal physiological variability throughout the day, or the pharmacological therapy taken by the patient. Regarding alterations directly linked to the presence of coronary stents, no variations in cardiac activity were noted, positively implying that the intervention to restore the heart's normal functionality did not have a negative outcome. The future goal of this type of study of the cardiac variability of ischemic risk subjects, through the use of wearable sensors and with the aid of other diagnostic tests, is to increasingly improve therapeutic prospects for cardiac patients, with adaptations that are both large-scale and personalized for very different lifestyles.
In presenza di patologie cardiache e in seguito ad interventi terapeutici per affrontarle, è fondamentale poter monitorare l’attività elettrocardiografica degli individui per determinarne lo stato di salute. In particolare, in questo studio ci si è focalizzati sugli eventuali effetti rilevabili sull’attività cardiaca come conseguenza dell’inserimento di stent coronarici durante la procedura di angioplastica coronarica, al fine di trattare eventi di ischemia acuta del miocardio. Infatti, l’analisi dei dati elettrocardiografici acquisiti permette di valutare le condizioni del soggetto durante le varie fasi della giornata, individuando la presenza di eventuali anomalie. Grazie alla conoscenza dell’anatomia e della fisiologia dell’apparato cardiovascolare e, in particolare, del muscolo cardiaco e delle sue arterie coronarie, possiamo indagare i sintomi, le cause e gli effetti delle disfunzioni cardiache. A partire dallo studio approfondito del segnale elettrocardiografico e della sua corretta acquisizione, lo scopo è quello di intercettare prontamente le anomalie cardiache ed intervenire in caso di gravità acuta delle stesse. Dopo aver approfondito le patologie coronariche, in particolare il fenomeno dell’ischemia cardiaca e dell’occlusione coronarica, e le eventuali procedure di cura, come l’angioplastica, l’elaborato ha trattato il caso reale del paziente in studio, riportandone i dati clinici riguardanti il suo percorso ospedaliero, la procedura chirurgica subita e la terapia farmacologica prescritta. Tenendo conto delle generali e prevedibili conseguenze a lungo termine evidenziate nel soggetto, la sperimentazione eseguita ha avuto lo scopo di raccogliere un database di dati biomedici per l’individuazione di eventuali anomalie direttamente legate all’intervento di rivascolarizzazione, attraverso la registrazione e l’analisi del segnale elettrocardiografico, acquisito con l’ausilio del sensore KardiaMobile 6L (AliveCor, Inc.). Sensori di questo tipo permettono monitoraggi continui prolungati nel tempo, eseguiti anche in maniera autonoma, di soggetti cardiopatici. Questo garantisce una prevenzione attiva di fenomeni acuti come infarti del miocardio, in modo da tenere sotto stretto controllo anche i soggetti più a rischio. In particolare, in questo studio l’acquisizione è stata effettuata per cinque giorni consecutivi, con sette misurazioni al giorno. Le fasce orarie considerate per il rilevamento sono state scelte in base alle abitudini giornaliere del soggetto, seguendo un protocollo ripetuto poi identicamente giorno per giorno, in modo da garantire la confrontabilità fra dati raccolti in giorni diversi ma negli stessi orari. La principale anomalia individuata nel ritmo cardiaco è la bradicardia, assieme ad alcune altre leggere aritmie non significative, in quanto i valori di frequenza cardiaci misurati sono sempre risultati relativamente bassi, al di sotto di 60 bpm, con alcuni segnali che hanno toccato anche i 48 bpm. Alcune variazioni del battito cardiaco sono riconducibili ad interferenze esterne, alla normale variabilità fisiologica nell’arco della giornata, oppure alla terapia farmacologica assunta dal paziente. Per quanto riguarda alterazioni direttamente legate alla presenza degli stent coronarici, non è stata evidenziata alcuna variazione dell’attività cardiaca, implicando positivamente che l’intervento subito per ripristinare la normale funzionalità del cuore non ha avuto decorso negativo. L’obiettivo futuro di questo tipo di studio sulla variabilità cardiaca di soggetti a rischio ischemico, tramite l’utilizzo di sensori indossabili e con l’ausilio di altri esami diagnostici, è quello di migliorare sempre più le prospettive terapeutiche di pazienti cardiopatici, con adattamenti anche su ampia scala e personalizzati per stili di vita molto differenti fra loro.
VARIAZIONI ELETTROCARDIOGRAFICHE IN PRESENZA DI ANGIOPLASTICA CORONARICA
PAPPAFICO, FEBE
2023/2024
Abstract
In the presence of cardiac diseases and following therapeutic interventions to address them, it is essential to monitor the electrocardiographic activity of individuals to determine their health status. In particular, this study focused on the potential effects on cardiac activity as a result of the insertion of coronary stents during the coronary angioplasty procedure, aimed at treating acute myocardial ischemia events. In fact, the analysis of the acquired electrocardiographic data allows for the assessment of the subject's condition during various phases of the day, identifying the presence of any anomalies. Thanks to the knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, particularly the heart muscle and its coronary arteries, we can investigate the symptoms, causes, and effects of cardiac dysfunctions. Starting from an in-depth study of the electrocardiographic signal and its proper acquisition, the goal is to promptly detect cardiac anomalies and intervene in case of acute severity. After exploring coronary diseases, particularly the phenomenon of cardiac ischemia and coronary occlusion, and potential treatment procedures such as angioplasty, the document addressed the real case of the patient under study, presenting clinical data regarding their hospital journey, the undergone surgical procedure, and the prescribed pharmacological therapy. Taking into account the general and predictable long-term consequences highlighted in the subject, the experimentation aimed to collect a database of biomedical data to identify any anomalies directly linked to the revascularization intervention, through the recording and analysis of the electrocardiographic signal acquired with the KardiaMobile 6L sensor (AliveCor, Inc.). This type of sensors allows for prolonged continuous monitoring, even autonomously, of cardiac patients. This ensures active prevention of acute events such as myocardial infarctions, keeping even the highest-risk subjects under strict control. Specifically, in this study, data acquisition was performed for five consecutive days, with seven measurements each day. The time frames considered for detection were chosen based on the subject's daily habits, following a protocol that was then repeated identically day by day to ensure comparability between data collected on different days but at the same times. The main anomaly identified in the heart rhythm is bradycardia, along with some other minor nonsignificant arrhythmias, as the measured heart rate values were consistently relatively low, below 60 bpm, with some signals dropping as low as 48 bpm. Some variations in heartbeats can be attributed to external interferences, normal physiological variability throughout the day, or the pharmacological therapy taken by the patient. Regarding alterations directly linked to the presence of coronary stents, no variations in cardiac activity were noted, positively implying that the intervention to restore the heart's normal functionality did not have a negative outcome. The future goal of this type of study of the cardiac variability of ischemic risk subjects, through the use of wearable sensors and with the aid of other diagnostic tests, is to increasingly improve therapeutic prospects for cardiac patients, with adaptations that are both large-scale and personalized for very different lifestyles.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/19451