BACKGROUND-In Italy, according to estimates, cancer cases in 2023 increased by 18,000 cases compared to 2020. Home care for cancer patients is often entrusted to the family who must take care of the patient's needs. For nurses, taking care of cancer patients also includes taking charge and educating those people who look after these patients, the family caregiver. OBJECTIVE-The aim is to identify, among the scientific evidence, the most appropriate interventions that the nurse can implement to educate and respond to the needs of the caregiver involved in caring for an oncological family member at home. METHODS- The clinical problem was revisited with two precise questions: "What are the skills that the nurse must have to provide an educational intervention to the caregiver?" and “What are the most effective methods to reduce dysfunctional behaviors and emotional states or favor burn-out conditions in caregivers?” To carry out the research, the P.I.O methodology was used and some scientific sites were consulted: PubMed, Cochrane Library. To carry out the research, some articles were set as investigation criteria, starting from 2000, written in Italian and/or English and available in full-text. RESULTS-27 studies were included in the literature review from which emerge: nursing skills in caregiver education, the importance of caregiver involvement in the care process already at the time of hospitalization, support for the planning-management of the activity daily, psycho-educational interventions, help in finding support methods and caregiver education using digital platforms. CONCLUSION-In the oncology setting, healthcare workers must possess advanced skills, paying particular attention to the development of communication skills, which are fundamental for developing the therapeutic relationship with patient and caregiver and for educating them. A trained and aware caregiver has a greater chance of making the assistance provided effective, in fact, he acts as a facilitator in the care process. KEY WORDS-Nursing skills, cancer patient, education of caregiver, home care, educational intervention
BACKGROUND-In Italia ,secondo le stime,i casi di tumore nel 2023 sono aumentati di 18.000 casi rispetto al 2020.L'assistenza del malato oncologico a domicilio è spesso affidata alla famiglia che si deve far carico dei bisogni del paziente. Per gli infermieri prendersi cura del malato oncologico prevede anche la presa in carico e l'educazione di quelle persone che accudiscono questi malati,il caregiver familiare. OBIETTIVO-Lo scopo è individuare ,tra le evidenze scientifiche, gli interventi più appropriati che l'infermiere può mettere in atto per educare e rispondere ai bisogni del caregiver impegnato nell'assistenza di un familiare oncologico a domicilio. METODI-Il problema clinico è stato rivisitato con due precise domande: "Quali sono le competenze che l'infermiere deve avere per apportare un intervento educativo al caregiver?" e "Quali sono le metodiche più efficaci per diminuire i comportamenti e stati emotivi disfunzionali o favorenti condizioni di burn-out nel caregiver?" Per realizzare la ricerca è stata utilizzata la metodologia P.I.O e sono stati consultati alcuni siti scientifici: Pubmed,Cochrane Library. Per realizzare la ricerca sono stati impostati come criteri di indagine alcuni articoli,a partire dal 2000,redatti in lingua italiana e/o inglese e reperibili in Full-text. RISULTATI-Sono stati inclusi, nella revisione della letteratura,27 studi dai quali emerge: le competenze infermieristiche nell'educazione del caregiver,l'importanza del coinvolgimento del caregiver nel processo di cura già al momento dell'ospedalizzazione,supporto alla programmazione-gestione delle attività giornaliere, gli interventi psico-educazionali,l'aiuto a ricercare modalità di supporto e l'educazione del caregiver utilizzando piattaforme digitali. CONCLUSIONI-Nel setting oncologico gli operatori sanitari devono possedere competenze avanzate ponendo particolarmente attenzione allo sviluppo delle abilità comunicative, fondamentali per sviluppare la relazione terapeutica con paziente e caregiver e per educarli. Un caregiver preparato e consapevole ha più possibilità di rendere efficace l'assistenza prestata,infatti, funge da facilitatore nel processo di cura. PAROLE CHIAVE-Nursing skills, cancer patient,education of caregiver, home care,educational intervention.
Competenze infermieristiche nell'educazione del caregiver del paziente oncologico: revisione narrativa della letteratura.
CAPRINI, FEDERICA
2023/2024
Abstract
BACKGROUND-In Italy, according to estimates, cancer cases in 2023 increased by 18,000 cases compared to 2020. Home care for cancer patients is often entrusted to the family who must take care of the patient's needs. For nurses, taking care of cancer patients also includes taking charge and educating those people who look after these patients, the family caregiver. OBJECTIVE-The aim is to identify, among the scientific evidence, the most appropriate interventions that the nurse can implement to educate and respond to the needs of the caregiver involved in caring for an oncological family member at home. METHODS- The clinical problem was revisited with two precise questions: "What are the skills that the nurse must have to provide an educational intervention to the caregiver?" and “What are the most effective methods to reduce dysfunctional behaviors and emotional states or favor burn-out conditions in caregivers?” To carry out the research, the P.I.O methodology was used and some scientific sites were consulted: PubMed, Cochrane Library. To carry out the research, some articles were set as investigation criteria, starting from 2000, written in Italian and/or English and available in full-text. RESULTS-27 studies were included in the literature review from which emerge: nursing skills in caregiver education, the importance of caregiver involvement in the care process already at the time of hospitalization, support for the planning-management of the activity daily, psycho-educational interventions, help in finding support methods and caregiver education using digital platforms. CONCLUSION-In the oncology setting, healthcare workers must possess advanced skills, paying particular attention to the development of communication skills, which are fundamental for developing the therapeutic relationship with patient and caregiver and for educating them. A trained and aware caregiver has a greater chance of making the assistance provided effective, in fact, he acts as a facilitator in the care process. KEY WORDS-Nursing skills, cancer patient, education of caregiver, home care, educational interventionFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/19789