ABSTRACT: The migration of Italian nurses abroad is a growing phenomenon, caused by difficult working conditions, limited career opportunities and inadequate salaries in Italy. This causes a shortage of qualified personnel in the national health system. Nurses emigrate to obtain better salaries, professional opportunities and a better quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The study explores the reasons for migration, the main destinations of nurses and the reasons for excluding job opportunities in the country of origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted from January 8th to August 31st 2024. A questionnaire validated in the Italian context, adapted to the needs of the study and consisting of fourteen multiple choice questions, was used for data collection, through which information on work experiences in Italy and abroad, as well as the willingness to return, was collected. The questionnaire was distributed on social platforms and through the various Orders of Italian nursing professions. RESULTS: The questionnaire collected responses from 172 nurses, mainly between 22 and 40 years old, mainly from the North (45%) and Central Italy (39%). The most attractive countries for migration were the United Kingdom (39%), Switzerland (16.3%), Norway and Germany (11%) and finally Spain (7%). The main reasons for emigrating include better job opportunities (71.5%), higher salaries (64%) and greater professional respect (55.2%). The majority of nurses, 67.4%, stated that they were not willing to return to Italy given the better working conditions offered to them abroad. DISCUSSION: The research highlights how migration is driven by the presence of better job and salary opportunities abroad and by the perception of greater consideration of the nursing figure. Considering the sample, 71.5% are looking for better opportunities, 64% are attracted by higher salaries, while 55.2% see the profession as more respected. The most popular destinations for new graduates are Norway and the United Kingdom. I 67.4% of the sample would refuse to return to Italy. Of this sample, it is observed that 49.1% have been abroad for more than 5 years, and that 42.2% would not return for high professional fulfillment. The study also highlights the need for reforms in the Italian healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: The migration of nurses abroad is a growing phenomenon, motivated by better job opportunities, higher salaries and greater respect for the profession. Professional fulfillment abroad is the main reason why many nurses refuse to return home. This exodus creates significant challenges for health systems in the country of origin, which suffer from a shortage of qualified personnel, with possible negative impacts on the quality of services and care.
ABSTRACT: La migrazione degli infermieri italiani all'estero è un fenomeno in crescita, causato da condizioni lavorative difficili, limitate opportunità di carriera e retribuzioni non adeguate in Italia. Questo provoca una carenza di personale qualificato nel sistema sanitario nazionale. Gli infermieri emigrano per ottenere migliori stipendi, opportunità professionali e una migliore qualità di vita. OBIETTIVO: Lo studio esplora le ragioni della migrazione, le principali destinazioni degli infermieri e i motivi per escludere opportunità lavorative nel Paese d9origine. MATERIALE E METODI: É stato condotto uno studio osservazionale dall98 gennaio al 31 agosto 2024. Per la raccolta dati è stato utilizzato un questionario, validato nel contesto italiano, adattato alle necessità dello studio e costituito da quattordici domande a risposta multipla, attraverso le quali sono state raccolte informazioni sulle esperienze lavorative in Italia e all'estero, nonché la disponibilità a tornare. Il questionario è stato distribuito su piattaforme social e tramite i vari Ordini delle professioni infermieristiche italiane. RISULTATI: Il questionario ha raccolto risposte da 172 infermieri, principalmente tra i 22 e i 40 anni, provenienti soprattutto dal Nord (45%) e dal Centro Italia (39%). I Paesi più attrattivi per la migrazione sono risultati il Regno Unito (39%), la Svizzera (16,3%), Norvegia e Germania (11%) e infine la Spagna (7%). Le principali motivazioni per emigrare includono migliori opportunità lavorative (71,5%), stipendi più alti (64%) e un maggiore rispetto professionale (55,2%). La maggior parte degli infermieri, il 67,4%, ha dichiarato di non essere disposto a tornare in Italia viste le migliori condizioni lavorative offerte loro all'estero. DISCUSSIONE: La ricerca evidenzia come la migrazione sia guidata dalla presenza di migliori opportunità lavorative e retributive all'estero e dalla percezione di una maggiore considerazione della figura infermieristica. Considerando il campione, il 71,5% cerca migliori opportunità, il 64% è attratto da stipendi più alti, mentre il 55,2% vede la professione maggiormente rispettata. Le destinazioni più ambite dai neolaureati sono la Norvegia e il Regno Unito. I Il 67,4% del campione rifiuterebbe di tornare in Italia. Di questo campione, si osserva che il 49,1% si trova all9estero da più di 5 anni, e che il 42,2% non tornerebbe per un9elevata realizzazione professionale. Lo studio, inoltre, sottolinea la necessità di riforme nel sistema sanitario italiano. CONCLUSIONI: La migrazione degli infermieri all'estero è un fenomeno in crescita, motivato da migliori opportunità lavorative, stipendi più alti e maggiore rispetto per la professione. La realizzazione professionale all'estero è la principale ragione per cui molti infermieri rifiutano di tornare in patria. Questo esodo crea sfide significative per i sistemi sanitari del Paese d9origine, che soffrono di carenza di personale qualificato, con possibili impatti negativi sulla qualità dei servizi e dell'assistenza.
Il Brain Drain infermieristico italiano: Studio osservazionale
LUZI, GIORGIA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The migration of Italian nurses abroad is a growing phenomenon, caused by difficult working conditions, limited career opportunities and inadequate salaries in Italy. This causes a shortage of qualified personnel in the national health system. Nurses emigrate to obtain better salaries, professional opportunities and a better quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The study explores the reasons for migration, the main destinations of nurses and the reasons for excluding job opportunities in the country of origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted from January 8th to August 31st 2024. A questionnaire validated in the Italian context, adapted to the needs of the study and consisting of fourteen multiple choice questions, was used for data collection, through which information on work experiences in Italy and abroad, as well as the willingness to return, was collected. The questionnaire was distributed on social platforms and through the various Orders of Italian nursing professions. RESULTS: The questionnaire collected responses from 172 nurses, mainly between 22 and 40 years old, mainly from the North (45%) and Central Italy (39%). The most attractive countries for migration were the United Kingdom (39%), Switzerland (16.3%), Norway and Germany (11%) and finally Spain (7%). The main reasons for emigrating include better job opportunities (71.5%), higher salaries (64%) and greater professional respect (55.2%). The majority of nurses, 67.4%, stated that they were not willing to return to Italy given the better working conditions offered to them abroad. DISCUSSION: The research highlights how migration is driven by the presence of better job and salary opportunities abroad and by the perception of greater consideration of the nursing figure. Considering the sample, 71.5% are looking for better opportunities, 64% are attracted by higher salaries, while 55.2% see the profession as more respected. The most popular destinations for new graduates are Norway and the United Kingdom. I 67.4% of the sample would refuse to return to Italy. Of this sample, it is observed that 49.1% have been abroad for more than 5 years, and that 42.2% would not return for high professional fulfillment. The study also highlights the need for reforms in the Italian healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: The migration of nurses abroad is a growing phenomenon, motivated by better job opportunities, higher salaries and greater respect for the profession. Professional fulfillment abroad is the main reason why many nurses refuse to return home. This exodus creates significant challenges for health systems in the country of origin, which suffer from a shortage of qualified personnel, with possible negative impacts on the quality of services and care.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/19893