ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, emergency departments have faced increasing overcrowding, resulting in longer waiting times and reduced efficiency. Triage was introduced to manage resources better by classifying patients based on the severity of their conditions; however, the problem persists. To address this challenge, the "See and Treat" model was developed, allowing Emergency Nurse Practitioners (ENPs) to independently treat patients with minor issues. This approach has contributed to reducing waiting times and has enhanced the role of nurses, opening new perspectives for the profession. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to critically evaluate the "See and Treat" model as an innovative strategy to address emergency department overcrowding, with a particular focus on the role of ENPs. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with the following keywords: "See and Treat," "Emergency Nurse Practitioner," "Minor Injuries Unit," combined using the Boolean operator "OR." A total of 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: The analysis of the studies highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of managing minor clinical issues using the "See and Treat" model. The main advantages were as follows: higher patient satisfaction, improved quality and continuity of care, reduced waiting times, the ability to manage a larger patient base, enhanced nurse skills for handling minor injuries, reduced workload for medical staff, and improved teamwork efficiency. However, some disadvantages included: medico-legal issues, challenges in securing funding for training and establishing these new teams, potential skill loss among ENPs in trauma and major emergencies due to specialization and the frequency of minor injury care, the risk of ENP success resulting in chronic understaffing of medical personnel, cultural barriers associated with role acceptance among different professional groups, and the perception among ENPs that physicians tend to work less in the presence of nurse-led services for minor cases. Discussion and Conclusion: The "See and Treat" model, with ENPs at its core, appears to be a significant step forward in emergency management. Coordinating the care of minor clinical issues through this model has shown management efficiency, reduced waiting times, increased patient satisfaction, and notable diagnostic accuracy when the personnel are adequately trained. Despite medico-legal challenges that require clearer definitions and the cultural evolution inherent in any change, the "See and Treat" model could represent one of the best strategies for managing emergency department overcrowding within the National Health System.
ABSTRACT Background: Negli ultimi anni, i dipartimenti di emergenza hanno affrontato un crescente sovraffollamento, che ha portato a tempi di attesa più lunghi e a una riduzione dell'efficienza. Il triage è stato introdotto per gestire meglio le risorse, classificando i pazienti in base alla gravità delle loro condizioni, ma il problema persiste. Per rispondere a questa sfida, è stato sviluppato il modello "See and Treat", che consente agli Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) di trattare autonomamente i pazienti con problemi minori. Questo approccio ha contribuito a ridurre i tempi di attesa e ha valorizzato il ruolo degli infermieri, aprendo nuove prospettive per la professione. Obiettivo: L'obiettivo di questa tesi è valutare in modo critico il modello 'See and Treat' come strategia innovativa per affrontare il sovraffollamento nei pronto soccorso, ponendo particolare attenzione al ruolo degli ENP. Materiale e Metodi: È stata effettuata una revisione narrativa della letteratura utilizzando le banche dati PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, e Web of Science impiegando le seguenti parole chiave: “See and Treat”, “Emergency Nurse Practitioner”, “Minor Injuries Unit”uniti dall’operatore Booleano “OR”. Sono stati analizzati un totale di 24 lavori che rispettassero i criteri di inclusione. Risultati: Dall’analisi dei lavori, i risultati ottenuti descrivono vantaggi e svantaggi della gestione di problematiche cliniche minori tramite modello “See and Treat”. I vantaggi principali sono risultati essere: maggior soddisfazione degli utenti; migliori qualità e continuità di cure; riduzione dei tempi di attesa; possibilità di gestione di bacino di utenza ampi; maggiori skill degli infermieri per gestire le lesioni minori; riduzione del carico di lavoro del personale medico; efficienza del lavoro in squadra. I principali svantaggi emersi sono invece stati: problemi medico-legali; problemi nel reperire fondi per la formazione e l’istituzione di queste nuove equipe; possibile perdita di skill degli ENP su trauma e emergenze maggiori per l’alta specializzazione e la frequenza del servizio prestato nella cura delle Minor Injuries; rischio di successo degli ENP e di costante sottodimensionamento del personale medico; ostacolo culturale legato all’accettazione reciproca dei ruoli tra diversi gruppi professionali; sensazione dei ENP che i medici tendano a lavorare meno in presenza di un servizio gestito dagli infermieri per i codici minori. Discussione e Conclusione: Il modello "See and Treat", che vede il suo cuore pulsante nella figura dell’ENP, sembra portare ad un significativo passo avanti nella gestione delle emergenze. Il coordinamento delle problematiche cliniche di entità minore mediante modello “See and Treat” ha dimostrato fornire un’efficienza gestionale, con riduzione dei tempi di attesa ed incremento della soddisfazione dell’utenza, ed un’accuratezza diagnostica notevole quando il personale incaricato è stato debitamente formato. Nonostante le problematiche medico-legali che necessitano miglior definizione e l’evoluzione culturale implicita in qualunque cambiamento, il modello “See and Treat” potrebbe rappresentare una delle migliori strategie per la gestione dell’overcrowding del Pronto Soccorso nel Sistema Sanitario Nazionale.
See And Treat: il modello per abbattere l'overcrowding ed il ruolo dell'infermiere con competenze avanzate
QORDJA, AURORA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, emergency departments have faced increasing overcrowding, resulting in longer waiting times and reduced efficiency. Triage was introduced to manage resources better by classifying patients based on the severity of their conditions; however, the problem persists. To address this challenge, the "See and Treat" model was developed, allowing Emergency Nurse Practitioners (ENPs) to independently treat patients with minor issues. This approach has contributed to reducing waiting times and has enhanced the role of nurses, opening new perspectives for the profession. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to critically evaluate the "See and Treat" model as an innovative strategy to address emergency department overcrowding, with a particular focus on the role of ENPs. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with the following keywords: "See and Treat," "Emergency Nurse Practitioner," "Minor Injuries Unit," combined using the Boolean operator "OR." A total of 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: The analysis of the studies highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of managing minor clinical issues using the "See and Treat" model. The main advantages were as follows: higher patient satisfaction, improved quality and continuity of care, reduced waiting times, the ability to manage a larger patient base, enhanced nurse skills for handling minor injuries, reduced workload for medical staff, and improved teamwork efficiency. However, some disadvantages included: medico-legal issues, challenges in securing funding for training and establishing these new teams, potential skill loss among ENPs in trauma and major emergencies due to specialization and the frequency of minor injury care, the risk of ENP success resulting in chronic understaffing of medical personnel, cultural barriers associated with role acceptance among different professional groups, and the perception among ENPs that physicians tend to work less in the presence of nurse-led services for minor cases. Discussion and Conclusion: The "See and Treat" model, with ENPs at its core, appears to be a significant step forward in emergency management. Coordinating the care of minor clinical issues through this model has shown management efficiency, reduced waiting times, increased patient satisfaction, and notable diagnostic accuracy when the personnel are adequately trained. Despite medico-legal challenges that require clearer definitions and the cultural evolution inherent in any change, the "See and Treat" model could represent one of the best strategies for managing emergency department overcrowding within the National Health System.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/19903