Background: Extravasation lesions are one of the most frequent side effects in pediatric units and neonatal intensive care units. The extravasation of a drug, especially if it is blistering, can cause pain, inflammation, tendon damage and even serious infections. The ways in which these lesions are treated are varied. The choice of treatment varies based on the extravasating drug, the volume of the drug, the extent of the lesion, and the timing with which these lesions are identified. There is no treatment considered better than the others, also due to the presence of guidelines with conflicting indications. This gap in what the ideal treatment may be may also be the consequence of the fact that the available research regarding drug extravasation, management and prevention in the pediatric field is very limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the methods of prevention and treatment of extravasations currently present and used in pediatric health care settings, through a review of the literature. Methods: A review of the literature was carried out through the analysis of studies found by the electronic databases PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane Library. Studies in children under the age of 18 with an extravasation lesion, treatment and prevention studies were included. Results: 17 studies, five observational studies (case reports), five retrospective studies, one non-randomized control study, one Scoping review, two literature reviews and three systematic reviews were selected. The results show that there are several drugs responsible for extravasation in the pediatric field, there are also various treatments that can be used. Prevention plays a fundamental role, guaranteed above all by the preparation of health workers. Conclusion: Despite the variety of treatments to be used, none of them have been recognized as the best treatment. The first step to be respected remains prevention, followed by the recognition and rapid treatment of injuries. Further studies on the management and prevention of extravasation in the pediatric setting are therefore needed.
Background: Le lesioni da stravaso rappresentano uno degli effetti collaterali più frequenti nelle unità pediatriche e nelle terapie intensive neonatali. Lo stravaso di un farmaco, soprattutto se vescicante, può provocare dolore, infiammazione, danni ai tendini e anche gravi infezioni. Le modalità con cui questi lesioni vengono trattate sono varie. La scelta del trattamento varia in base al farmaco stravasato, al volume del farmaco, all’entità della lesione e alle tempistiche con cui queste lesioni vengono identificate. Non esiste un trattamento ritenuto migliore rispetto agli altri, a causa anche della presenza di linee guida con indicazioni contrastanti. Questa lacuna su quale possa essere il trattamento ideale, può essere anche la conseguenza del fatto che le ricerche disponibili per quanto riguarda gli stravasi farmacologici, la gestione e la prevenzione nell’ambito pediatrico è assai limitata. Obiettivo: Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di indentificare i metodi di prevenzione e di trattamento degli stravasi attualmente presenti ed utilizzati nelle realtà sanitarie pediatriche, attraverso una revisione della letteratura. Metodi: È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura, tramite l’analisi di studi reperiti dai database elettronici PubMed, PubMed Central e Cochrane Library. Sono stati inclusi studi su bambini di età inferiore ai 18 anni con una lesione da stravaso, studi riguardanti il trattamento e la prevenzione. Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 17 studi, cinque studi osservazionali (case report), cinque studi retrospettivi, uno studio di controllo non randomizzato, uno Scoping review, due revisioni della letteratura e tre revisioni sistematiche. I risultati dimostrano che ci sono diversi farmaci responsabili di stravaso in ambito pediatrico, sono vari anche i trattamenti a cui si può far ricorso. Ha un ruolo fondamentale la prevenzione, garantita soprattutto dalla preparazione degli operatori sanitari. Conclusione: Nonostante la varietà di trattamenti a cui far ricorso, nessuno di esso è stato riconosciuto come il trattamento migliore. Il primo step da rispettare rimane la prevenzione, seguita poi dal riconoscimento e dal trattamento rapido delle lesioni. Sono dunque necessari ulteriori studi inerenti alla gestione e alla prevenzione degli stravasi in ambito pediatrico.
LA PREVENZIONE E IL TRATTAMENTO DEGLI STRAVASI FARMACOLOGICI NEI PAZIENTI PEDIATRICI
DEDDUWA LOKUGE, POORNIMA ISHANEE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Extravasation lesions are one of the most frequent side effects in pediatric units and neonatal intensive care units. The extravasation of a drug, especially if it is blistering, can cause pain, inflammation, tendon damage and even serious infections. The ways in which these lesions are treated are varied. The choice of treatment varies based on the extravasating drug, the volume of the drug, the extent of the lesion, and the timing with which these lesions are identified. There is no treatment considered better than the others, also due to the presence of guidelines with conflicting indications. This gap in what the ideal treatment may be may also be the consequence of the fact that the available research regarding drug extravasation, management and prevention in the pediatric field is very limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the methods of prevention and treatment of extravasations currently present and used in pediatric health care settings, through a review of the literature. Methods: A review of the literature was carried out through the analysis of studies found by the electronic databases PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane Library. Studies in children under the age of 18 with an extravasation lesion, treatment and prevention studies were included. Results: 17 studies, five observational studies (case reports), five retrospective studies, one non-randomized control study, one Scoping review, two literature reviews and three systematic reviews were selected. The results show that there are several drugs responsible for extravasation in the pediatric field, there are also various treatments that can be used. Prevention plays a fundamental role, guaranteed above all by the preparation of health workers. Conclusion: Despite the variety of treatments to be used, none of them have been recognized as the best treatment. The first step to be respected remains prevention, followed by the recognition and rapid treatment of injuries. Further studies on the management and prevention of extravasation in the pediatric setting are therefore needed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/19991