INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The occurrence of these diseases is different in women and men (ISS, 2021). Understanding the importance of a gender approach in prevention, considering the biological, social, and cultural differences between the sexes is crucial for prevention and reducing risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To detect risk factors and reduce their impact through cardiovascular disease prevention with a gender approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To conduct the study, a literature review was conducted by consulting the Pubmed database from which 11 articles that answered the research question were selected and extrapolated. The inclusion criteria were: articles no older than the 10th year of publication, free reference articles, and English/Italian language articles. Studies were searched during the period from March 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024. RESULTS: The results show that women have specific cardiovascular risk factors such as pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery), polycystic ovary, early menopause, and autoimmune diseases. Gender differences differentially influence the incidence and manifestation of traditional risk factors (hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes). In addition, low awareness of cardiovascular risk in women emerged, with a need to improve education and prevention, including through nurse-led interventions. ANALYSIS and DISCUSSION: The research found a significant lack of studies applying gender medicine in cardiovascular disease prevention, although risk factors were examined. There is a need to close the awareness gap, especially among young women, for more effective prevention. CONCLUSION: The need for a targeted and individualized approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, taking into account gender specificities, appears crucial. Implementing educational programs and large-scale prevention campaigns combined with screening can have a significant impact on quality of life and mortality reduction. To this end, an App is proposed to raise awareness among the female population, aged 20-45 years, offering immediate usability of information and advice aimed at creating awareness and prevention. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, gender medicine, risk factor, nursing care, awareness
INTRODUZIONE: Le malattie cardiovascolari sono la principale causa di morte nei paesi industrializzati. L’insorgenza di queste malattie è differente nelle donne e negli uomini (ISS, 2021). Comprendere l'importanza di un approccio di genere nella prevenzione, considerando le differenze biologiche, sociali e culturali tra i sessi risulta fondamentale per la prevenzione e per la riduzione dei fattori di rischio. OBIETTIVO: rilevare i fattori di rischio e ridurne l’impatto attraverso la prevenzione delle malattie cardiovascolari con approccio di genere. MATERIALI E METODI: per la realizzazione dello studio è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura consultando la banca dati Pubmed dalla quale sono stati selezionati ed estrapolati 11 articoli che rispondevano al quesito di ricerca. I criteri di inclusione sono stati: articoli non più vecchi del 10° anno di pubblicazione, articoli di consultazione gratuita e articoli in lingua inglese/italiana. La ricerca degli studi è avvenuta nel periodo compreso tra il 1° marzo 2024 ed il 31 luglio 2024. RISULTATI: I risultati mostrano che le donne presentano specifici fattori di rischio cardiovascolare quali complicanze della gravidanza (diabete gestazionale, pre-eclampsia, parto pretermine), ovaio policistico, menopausa precoce e malattie autoimmuni. Le differenze di genere influenzano in modo diverso l'incidenza e la manifestazione dei fattori di rischio tradizionali (ipertensione, obesità, fumo, dislipidemia e diabete). Inoltre, è emersa una scarsa consapevolezza del rischio cardiovascolare nelle donne, con necessità di migliorare l'educazione e la prevenzione, anche attraverso interventi guidati da infermieri. ANALISI e DISCUSSIONE: Lo ricerca ha rilevato una significativa carenza di studi che applicano la medicina di genere nella prevenzione delle malattie cardiovascolari, nonostante siano stati esaminati i fattori di rischio. È necessario colmare il divario di consapevolezza, soprattutto tra le donne giovani, per una prevenzione più efficace. CONCLUSIONE: La necessità di un approccio mirato e personalizzato nella prevenzione delle malattie cardiovascolari, tenendo conto delle specificità di genere, appare fondamentale. Implementare programmi educativi e campagne di prevenzione su vasta scala, combinati con screening, possono avere un impatto significativo sulla qualità della vita e sulla riduzione della mortalità. A tale scopo viene proposta un’App che sensibilizzi la popolazione femminile, di età compresa tra i 20 e i 45 anni, offrendo immediata fruibilità di informazione e consigli volti a creare consapevolezza e prevenzione. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, gender medicine, risk factor, nursing care, awareness
LE DIFFERENZE DI GENERE NELLA PREVENZIONE DELLE MALATTIE CARDIOVASCOLARI
VALORI, VALENTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The occurrence of these diseases is different in women and men (ISS, 2021). Understanding the importance of a gender approach in prevention, considering the biological, social, and cultural differences between the sexes is crucial for prevention and reducing risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To detect risk factors and reduce their impact through cardiovascular disease prevention with a gender approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To conduct the study, a literature review was conducted by consulting the Pubmed database from which 11 articles that answered the research question were selected and extrapolated. The inclusion criteria were: articles no older than the 10th year of publication, free reference articles, and English/Italian language articles. Studies were searched during the period from March 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024. RESULTS: The results show that women have specific cardiovascular risk factors such as pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery), polycystic ovary, early menopause, and autoimmune diseases. Gender differences differentially influence the incidence and manifestation of traditional risk factors (hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes). In addition, low awareness of cardiovascular risk in women emerged, with a need to improve education and prevention, including through nurse-led interventions. ANALYSIS and DISCUSSION: The research found a significant lack of studies applying gender medicine in cardiovascular disease prevention, although risk factors were examined. There is a need to close the awareness gap, especially among young women, for more effective prevention. CONCLUSION: The need for a targeted and individualized approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, taking into account gender specificities, appears crucial. Implementing educational programs and large-scale prevention campaigns combined with screening can have a significant impact on quality of life and mortality reduction. To this end, an App is proposed to raise awareness among the female population, aged 20-45 years, offering immediate usability of information and advice aimed at creating awareness and prevention. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, gender medicine, risk factor, nursing care, awarenessFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/20082