Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte recognised for its ability to thrive in saline and nutrient-poor environments, making it a promising crop for sustainable agriculture. Sea fennel has a rich history of use that spans culinary and medicinal application, particularly in coastal regions of Europe and the Mediterranean. Its leaves and stems are rich in celery-like flavour with salty, citrusy notes followed by a pungent aftertaste rendering it a versatile ingredient for salads, soups and sauces. It has been largely used in traditional preparation consumed as fresh, boiled to soften its texture, or preserved in olive oil or brine. Sea fennel preserved in vinegar was used from sailors during long trip to protect against scurvy. In the folk medicine tradition, sea fennel was used as diuretic, carminative and tonic. Sea fennel is used in feed formulation of rabbits as supplement. It is a rich source of many health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, minerals and antimicrobial compound. After a period in which the plant disappeared from some natural environments due to indiscriminate harvesting, sea fennel is now attracting interest as an ingredient for innovative food products and as a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Another strong point is the cultivation of sea fennel: being halophyte, this plant has very low water requirement and no fertilisation needed. It is adapted to nutrient-poor environments. Moreover, the production of secondary metabolites which confer the health-promoting benefits to the plant, are produced mainly under stress condition. The use of this resource entails the formulation of new sea fennel-base products as studied for example in the project “Sea Fennel for Med”. Beyond the economical aspect and the potential applications, it is important to consider the environmental impacts of new sea fennel-based products. This study investigates the environmental impact of three new sea fennel-based products not yet present on the market, represented by sea fennel spice, pasteurized fermented sea fennel and fresh fermented sea fennel, by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a widely recognized framework that adhere to ISO Standard 14040 and 14044. The results of LCA analysis allow in determining the overall environmental footprint, identify hotspots and explore opportunities for improvement. This environmental information can help to drive the design of new products.
Il finocchio marino (Crithmum maritimum L.) è un'alofita perenne riconosciuto per la sua capacità di prosperare in ambienti salini e poveri di nutrienti, il che lo rende una coltura promettente per l'agricoltura sostenibile. Il finocchio marino ha una ricca storia di utilizzo che spazia dall'applicazione culinaria a quella medicinale, in particolare nelle regioni costiere dell'Europa e del Mediterraneo. Le sue foglie e i suoi steli sono ricchi di sapore simile al sedano con note salate e agrumate seguite da un retrogusto pungente che lo rendono un ingrediente versatile per insalate, zuppe e salse. È stato ampiamente utilizzato nella preparazione tradizionale, consumato fresco, bollito per ammorbidirne la consistenza o conservato in olio d'oliva o salamoia. Il finocchio marino conservato nell'aceto era utilizzato dai marinai durante i lunghi viaggi per proteggersi dallo scorbuto. Nella tradizione della medicina popolare, il finocchio marino era utilizzato come diuretico, carminativo e tonico. Il finocchio marino è utilizzato nella formulazione dei mangimi per conigli come integratore. È una ricca fonte di molti composti che promuovono la salute come polifenoli, carotenoidi, minerali e composti antimicrobici. Dopo un periodo in cui la pianta è scomparsa da alcuni ambienti naturali a causa di una raccolta indiscriminata, il finocchio marino sta ora attirando interesse come ingrediente per prodotti alimentari innovativi e come fonte di composti bioattivi per applicazioni nutraceutiche e farmaceutiche. Un altro punto di forza è la coltivazione del finocchio marino: essendo alofita, questa pianta ha un fabbisogno idrico molto basso e non necessita di fertilizzazione. È adattata ad ambienti poveri di nutrienti. Inoltre, la produzione di metaboliti secondari che conferiscono alla pianta i benefici per la salute, avviene principalmente in condizioni di stress. L'uso di questa risorsa comporta la formulazione di nuovi prodotti a base di finocchio marino come studiato ad esempio nel progetto "Sea Fennel for Med". Oltre all'aspetto economico e alle potenziali applicazioni, è importante considerare gli impatti ambientali dei nuovi prodotti a base di finocchio marino. Questo studio esamina l'impatto ambientale di tre nuovi prodotti a base di finocchio marino non ancora presenti sul mercato, rappresentati da spezie di finocchio marino, finocchio marino fermentato pastorizzato e finocchio marino fermentato fresco, tramite la valutazione del ciclo di vita (LCA), un framework ampiamente riconosciuto che aderisce agli standard ISO 14040 e 14044. I risultati dell'analisi LCA consentono di determinare l'impatto ambientale complessivo, identificare i punti critici ed esplorare le opportunità di miglioramento. Queste informazioni ambientali possono aiutare a guidare la progettazione di nuovi prodotti.
Valutazione di sostenibilità di nuovi prodotti a base di finocchio marino
COSTANTINI, ERICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial halophyte recognised for its ability to thrive in saline and nutrient-poor environments, making it a promising crop for sustainable agriculture. Sea fennel has a rich history of use that spans culinary and medicinal application, particularly in coastal regions of Europe and the Mediterranean. Its leaves and stems are rich in celery-like flavour with salty, citrusy notes followed by a pungent aftertaste rendering it a versatile ingredient for salads, soups and sauces. It has been largely used in traditional preparation consumed as fresh, boiled to soften its texture, or preserved in olive oil or brine. Sea fennel preserved in vinegar was used from sailors during long trip to protect against scurvy. In the folk medicine tradition, sea fennel was used as diuretic, carminative and tonic. Sea fennel is used in feed formulation of rabbits as supplement. It is a rich source of many health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, minerals and antimicrobial compound. After a period in which the plant disappeared from some natural environments due to indiscriminate harvesting, sea fennel is now attracting interest as an ingredient for innovative food products and as a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Another strong point is the cultivation of sea fennel: being halophyte, this plant has very low water requirement and no fertilisation needed. It is adapted to nutrient-poor environments. Moreover, the production of secondary metabolites which confer the health-promoting benefits to the plant, are produced mainly under stress condition. The use of this resource entails the formulation of new sea fennel-base products as studied for example in the project “Sea Fennel for Med”. Beyond the economical aspect and the potential applications, it is important to consider the environmental impacts of new sea fennel-based products. This study investigates the environmental impact of three new sea fennel-based products not yet present on the market, represented by sea fennel spice, pasteurized fermented sea fennel and fresh fermented sea fennel, by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a widely recognized framework that adhere to ISO Standard 14040 and 14044. The results of LCA analysis allow in determining the overall environmental footprint, identify hotspots and explore opportunities for improvement. This environmental information can help to drive the design of new products.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/20235