Excessive insulin secretion, independent of insulin resistance, is defined as primary hypersecretion, and is associated with obesity and an unfavorable metabolic phenotype. This study analyzes adipose tissue characteristics in young people with primary insulin hypersecretion and examines potential longitudinal metabolic changes influenced by the complex adipose-insular interaction. In a multiethnic cohort of adolescents with obesity but without diabetes, primary insulin hypersecretors showed increased glucose sensitivity by β-cells, yet had worse systemic glucose tolerance. This occurred despite similar anthropometric data, adiposity, and insulin resistance among participants, as evidenced by both oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The hypersecretors had greater intrahepatic and visceral fat deposits identified by abdominal MRI. In addition, they showed hypertrophied abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, higher serum levels of free fatty acids and leptin per fat mass , as well as having more rapid in-vivo lipid turnover as assessed by a long-term 2H2O-labeling protocol. At two-year follow-up, hypersecretors showed greater fat accumulation and a three-fold increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, while individuals with hypertrophic adipocytes and higher leptin levels showed increased glucose sensitivity by β-cells. Primary insulin hypersecretion is thus associated with marked alterations in adipose tissue distribution and cellularity, as well as altered lipid dynamics, independent of whole-body adiposity and insulin resistance. A pathogenetic understanding of the metabolic dialogue between β cells and adipocytes may help identify individuals at risk for chronic hyperinsulinemia, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance.
L'eccessiva secrezione di insulina, indipendentemente dalla resistenza all'insulina stessa, viene definita come ipersecrezione primaria, ed è associata all'obesità e a un fenotipo metabolico sfavorevole. Questo lavoro analizza le caratteristiche del tessuto adiposo in giovani con ipersecrezione primaria di insulina e esamina le potenziali alterazioni metaboliche longitudinali influenzate dalla complessa interazione adipo-insulare. In una coorte multietnica di adolescenti con obesità ma senza diabete, gli ipersecretori primari di insulina mostravano una maggiore sensibilità al glucosio da parte delle cellule β, tuttavia presentavano una tolleranza sistemica al glucosio peggiore. Questo si verificava nonostante dati antropometrici, adiposità e resistenza all'insulina simili tra i partecipanti, come evidenziato sia dal test di tolleranza al glucosio orale sia dal clamp euglicemico-iperinsulinemico. Gli ipersecretori presentavano maggiori depositi di grasso intraepatico e viscerale identificati tramite risonanza magnetica addominale. Inoltre, mostravano adipociti sottocutanei addominali ipertrofici, livelli sierici di acidi grassi liberi e leptina più elevati per massa grassa , oltre ad avere un turnover lipidico in-vivo più rapido, valutato mediante un protocollo di marcatura 2H2O a lungo termine. Al follow-up di due anni, gli ipersecretori evidenziavano un maggiore accumulo di grasso e un rischio tre volte superiore di alterata tolleranza al glucosio, mentre gli individui con adipociti ipertrofici e livelli di leptina più elevati mostravano una maggiore sensibilità al glucosio da parte delle cellule β. L’ipersecrezione primaria di insulina è quindi associata a marcate alterazioni nella distribuzione e nella cellularità del tessuto adiposo, nonché a una dinamica lipidica alterata, indipendentemente dall’adiposità dell’intero corpo e dalla resistenza all’insulina. Una comprensione patogenetica del dialogo metabolico tra cellule β e adipociti può contribuire a identificare gli individui a rischio di iperinsulinemia cronica, aumento di peso corporeo e intolleranza al glucosio.
ALTERAZIONI NELLA DISTRIBUZIONE, NELLA MORFOLOGIA CELLULARE E NELLA FUNZIONE DEL TESSUTO ADIPOSO DI MODELLI DI IPERSECREZIONE PRIMARIA DI INSULINA IN GIOVANI CON OBESITÀ.
SALVATORI, CLAUDIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Excessive insulin secretion, independent of insulin resistance, is defined as primary hypersecretion, and is associated with obesity and an unfavorable metabolic phenotype. This study analyzes adipose tissue characteristics in young people with primary insulin hypersecretion and examines potential longitudinal metabolic changes influenced by the complex adipose-insular interaction. In a multiethnic cohort of adolescents with obesity but without diabetes, primary insulin hypersecretors showed increased glucose sensitivity by β-cells, yet had worse systemic glucose tolerance. This occurred despite similar anthropometric data, adiposity, and insulin resistance among participants, as evidenced by both oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The hypersecretors had greater intrahepatic and visceral fat deposits identified by abdominal MRI. In addition, they showed hypertrophied abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, higher serum levels of free fatty acids and leptin per fat mass , as well as having more rapid in-vivo lipid turnover as assessed by a long-term 2H2O-labeling protocol. At two-year follow-up, hypersecretors showed greater fat accumulation and a three-fold increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, while individuals with hypertrophic adipocytes and higher leptin levels showed increased glucose sensitivity by β-cells. Primary insulin hypersecretion is thus associated with marked alterations in adipose tissue distribution and cellularity, as well as altered lipid dynamics, independent of whole-body adiposity and insulin resistance. A pathogenetic understanding of the metabolic dialogue between β cells and adipocytes may help identify individuals at risk for chronic hyperinsulinemia, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/20788