Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents one of the typical clinical expressions of atherosclerotic vasculopathy, in which cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia play a primary role. Although dynamic penile color doppler ultrasound (D-PCDU) is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of vasculogenic ED, basal assessment in flaccid condition (B-PCDU) (without prostaglandin stimulation) is an advantageous alternative in terms of time, cost, and patient discomfort, and provides useful information for cardiovascular risk stratification. However, few studies have extensively evaluated the reliability of baseline penile ECD in specific clinical conditions, such as in diabetic disease. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on velocimetric parameters (acceleration and peak systolic velocity-PSV) measured at B-PCDU in ED patients and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors (age, hypertension and dysplipidemia). Materials and Methods: Clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical data (including gonadal and glycometabolic profile), of 298 patients referred to the andrology outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Clinic of the AOU of Marche in Ancona for ED from August 2019 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Forty-eight patients (16.1%) had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, compared with non-diabetics there was a significantly higher age (58.08 ± 9.21 vs 48.79 ± 14.12, p<0.001) while there were no significant differences in terms of BMI. Diabetic patients had significantly lower values of mean PSV (14.67 ± 4.08 vs 16.19 ± 4.27, p=0.013) and mean acceleration (2.51 ± 0.77 vs 3.15 ± 1.25, p<0.001). Sixty-two patients (22.1%) had pathological PSV values (< 13 cm/s). The percentage of pathological PSV findings among diabetics was about twice as high as among nondiabetics [18 of 48 (37.5%) vs. 44 of 250 (17.6%), p=0.008]. After correction for age, body mass index, history of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, and calculated total and free testosterone levels, a 10-fold increased risk of finding pathological PSV values in diabetic subjects was confirmed (OR 10.4 p=0.032). Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus appears to be associated with alterations in penile velocimetry parameters in a manner independent of age and other cardiovascular risk factors. This finding confirms that subjects with diabetes have early vascular changes and severe signs of endothelial dysfunction that require vigorous and early correction, both behaviorally and pharmacologically.
Presupposti dello studio: La disfunzione erettile (DE) rappresenta una delle espressioni cliniche tipiche della vasculopatia aterosclerotica, in cui fattori di rischio cardiovascolare come diabete mellito, ipertensione arteriosa e dislipidemia rivestono un ruolo primario. Sebbene l’ecocolordoppler (ECD) penieno dinamico sia l’attuale gold standard per la diagnosi di DE vasculogenica, l’ECD penieno basale (senza stimolazione con prostaglandina) rappresenta una alternativa vantaggiosa in termini di tempi, costi e disagio per il paziente, e fornisce informazioni utili per la stratificazione del rischio cardiovascolare. Tuttavia, pochi studi hanno valutato in modo estensivo l’attendibilità dell’ECD penieno basale in specifiche condizioni cliniche, come nella patologia diabetica. Scopo dello studio: Valutare l’impatto del diabete mellito sui parametri velocimetrici (accelerazione e velocità di picco sistolico -PSV) misurati all’ECD penieno basale in pazienti affetti da DE e la sua relazione con altri fattori di rischio cardiovascolare (età, ipertensione arteriosa e displipidemia). Materiali e metodi: Dati clinici, ecografici e biochimici (comprendenti profilo gonadico e glicometabolico), di 298 pazienti afferenti all’ambulatorio andrologico della Clinica di Endocrinologia dell’AOU delle Marche di Ancona per DE da Agosto 2019 a Settembre 2024 sono stati analizzati retrospettivamente. Risultati: Quarantotto pazienti (16.1%) presentavano una diagnosi di diabete mellito, rispetto ai non diabetici si segnalava un’età significativamente maggiore (58.08 ± 9.21 vs 48.79 ± 14.12, p<0,001) mentre non si evidenziavano differenze significative in termini di BMI. I pazienti diabetici presentavano valori significativamente inferiori di PSV media (14.67 ± 4.08 vs 16.19 ± 4.27, p=0,013) ed accelerazione media (2.51 ± 0.77 vs 3.15 ± 1.25, p<0.001). Sessantadue pazienti (22.1%) presentavano valori patologici di PSV (< 13 cm/s). La percentuale di riscontri patologici di PSV fra i diabetici era circa doppia rispetto ai non diabetici [18 su 48 (37.5%) vs 44 su 250 (17.6%), p=0.008]. Dopo correzione per età, indice di massa corporea, anamnesi di ipertensione arteriosa e/o dislipidemia e livelli di testosterone totale e di testosterone libero calcolato, si confermava un rischio 10 volte maggiore di riscontrare valori patologici di PSV nei soggetti diabetici (OR 10.4 p=0.032). Conclusioni: Il diabete mellito appare associato ad alterazioni dei parametri velocimetrici penieni in modo indipendente da età ed altri fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. Tale riscontro conferma che i soggetti affetti da diabete presentano alterazioni vascolari precoci e gravi segni di disfunzione endoteliale che richiedono una correzione energica e precoce, sia a livello comportamentale che farmacologico.
Impatto del diabete sui parametri ecografici penieni in pazienti affetti da disfunzione erettile
CAPPELLUZZO, FEDERICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents one of the typical clinical expressions of atherosclerotic vasculopathy, in which cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia play a primary role. Although dynamic penile color doppler ultrasound (D-PCDU) is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of vasculogenic ED, basal assessment in flaccid condition (B-PCDU) (without prostaglandin stimulation) is an advantageous alternative in terms of time, cost, and patient discomfort, and provides useful information for cardiovascular risk stratification. However, few studies have extensively evaluated the reliability of baseline penile ECD in specific clinical conditions, such as in diabetic disease. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on velocimetric parameters (acceleration and peak systolic velocity-PSV) measured at B-PCDU in ED patients and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors (age, hypertension and dysplipidemia). Materials and Methods: Clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical data (including gonadal and glycometabolic profile), of 298 patients referred to the andrology outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Clinic of the AOU of Marche in Ancona for ED from August 2019 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Forty-eight patients (16.1%) had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, compared with non-diabetics there was a significantly higher age (58.08 ± 9.21 vs 48.79 ± 14.12, p<0.001) while there were no significant differences in terms of BMI. Diabetic patients had significantly lower values of mean PSV (14.67 ± 4.08 vs 16.19 ± 4.27, p=0.013) and mean acceleration (2.51 ± 0.77 vs 3.15 ± 1.25, p<0.001). Sixty-two patients (22.1%) had pathological PSV values (< 13 cm/s). The percentage of pathological PSV findings among diabetics was about twice as high as among nondiabetics [18 of 48 (37.5%) vs. 44 of 250 (17.6%), p=0.008]. After correction for age, body mass index, history of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, and calculated total and free testosterone levels, a 10-fold increased risk of finding pathological PSV values in diabetic subjects was confirmed (OR 10.4 p=0.032). Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus appears to be associated with alterations in penile velocimetry parameters in a manner independent of age and other cardiovascular risk factors. This finding confirms that subjects with diabetes have early vascular changes and severe signs of endothelial dysfunction that require vigorous and early correction, both behaviorally and pharmacologically.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/21769