Numerous studies show that ECGs, performed both at rest and after physical exertion, can provide valuable insights into an athlete's cardiac behavior and, at the same time, detect possible abnormalities that could expose the individual to potentially serious cardiac risks. The average RR interval (RRmean) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are key parameters for evaluating and monitoring the physical activity performed by an athlete. This experimental thesis aims to identify these parameters by examining six swimmers of different ages and body compositions. These characteristics are capable of highlighting significant variations resulting from the acute effects of swimming activity on the cardiovascular system. The electrocardiographic trace describes the workload and quality of cardiac activity, as it makes it possible to visualize on paper what is happening and drives the internal mechanisms of the individual. This study was conducted using the Kardia AliveCor single-lead device, an ECG signal acquisition tool capable of recording either single-lead or six-lead readings, depending on the specific conditions set by the standardized protocol. The method of acquiring ECG traces and their subsequent processing using Matlab software enabled the structured organization of the database and the creation of tables and graphs that make the trends and variations of the study parameters visible. By analyzing the ECG traces, it is possible to detect abnormalities and trends that differ from the norm, thereby identifying arrhythmias, which are not always pathological in nature—for example, the physiological condition known as “athlete’s heart.” Sports prevention is a practice that allows for the identification of risk factors, the protection and long-term safeguarding of health, and the customization of training and workloads to better adapt to the athlete’s physiological condition.
Numerosi studi dimostrano come l’ECG, eseguito in condizioni di riposo e dopo sforzo, riesca a fornire indicazioni sugli andamenti cardiaci dell’atleta, ed allo stesso tempo rilevare l’eventuale presenza di anomalie che potrebbero esporre l’individuo a rischi cardiaci anche gravi. L’RRmedio e l’Heart Rate Variability sono parametri cardine per la valutazione ed il monitoraggio dell’attività fisica svolta da un atleta. La presente tesi di tipo sperimentale ha come obbiettivo quello di individuare tali grandezze, prendendo in esame sei nuotatori di differenti età e composizione. Quest’ultime sono in grado di evidenziare variazioni significative, derivanti dagli effetti acuti prodotti dall’attività natatoria sul sistema cardiaco. Il tracciato elettrocardiografico descrive lo stato di lavoro e la qualità dell’attività cardiaca, in quanto permette di mostrare su carta ciò che accade e pilota il meccanismo interno all’individuo. Tale studio è stato condotto facendo uso del dispositivo single lead Kardia Alive Core, uno strumento di acquisizione dei segnali ECG, in grado di eseguire letture a singola o a sei derivazioni, scelte in base a condizioni proprie del protocollo standardizzato. Il metodo di acquisizione dei tracciati e la loro successiva elaborazione, per mezzo dell’elaboratore dati Matlab, ha reso possibile l’organizzazione strutturata del database e la creazione di tabelle e grafici in grado di rendere visibili gli andamenti e le variazioni dei parametri di studio. Conducendo un’analisi dei tracciati è possibile rilevare anomalie ed andamenti differenti dai normali, individuando così aritmie, non sempre di natura maligna: ne è un esempio la condizione fisiologica “cuore dell’atleta”. La prevenzione sportiva è una pratica che permette di individuare fattori di rischio, di proteggere e tutelare la salute a lungo termine e di personalizzare l’allenamento ed i carichi di lavoro al fine di adattarsi a condizioni fisiologiche dell’atleta.
SENSORI PORTABILI E NUOTO: ACQUISIZIONE ED ANALISI DI TRACCIATI ELETTROCARDIOGRAFICI
COSTANZI, ALESSANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
Numerous studies show that ECGs, performed both at rest and after physical exertion, can provide valuable insights into an athlete's cardiac behavior and, at the same time, detect possible abnormalities that could expose the individual to potentially serious cardiac risks. The average RR interval (RRmean) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are key parameters for evaluating and monitoring the physical activity performed by an athlete. This experimental thesis aims to identify these parameters by examining six swimmers of different ages and body compositions. These characteristics are capable of highlighting significant variations resulting from the acute effects of swimming activity on the cardiovascular system. The electrocardiographic trace describes the workload and quality of cardiac activity, as it makes it possible to visualize on paper what is happening and drives the internal mechanisms of the individual. This study was conducted using the Kardia AliveCor single-lead device, an ECG signal acquisition tool capable of recording either single-lead or six-lead readings, depending on the specific conditions set by the standardized protocol. The method of acquiring ECG traces and their subsequent processing using Matlab software enabled the structured organization of the database and the creation of tables and graphs that make the trends and variations of the study parameters visible. By analyzing the ECG traces, it is possible to detect abnormalities and trends that differ from the norm, thereby identifying arrhythmias, which are not always pathological in nature—for example, the physiological condition known as “athlete’s heart.” Sports prevention is a practice that allows for the identification of risk factors, the protection and long-term safeguarding of health, and the customization of training and workloads to better adapt to the athlete’s physiological condition.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/22084