The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity suggests that current strategies based on diet, exercise, and pharmacological knowledge are not sufficient to tackle this epidemic. Obesity results from a high caloric intake and energy storage, the latter by white adipose tissue (WAT), and when neither are counterbalanced by an equally high energy expenditure. As a matter of fact, current research is focused on developing new strategies to increase energy expenditure. Against this background, brown adipose tissue (BAT), whose importance has recently been re-evaluated via the use of modern positron emission techniques (PET), is receiving a great deal of attention from research institutions worldwide, as its main function is to dissipate energy in the form of heat via a process called thermogenesis. A substantial reduction in BAT occurs during normal growth in humans and hence it is not easily exploitable. In recent years, scientific research has made great strides and investigated strategies that focus on expanding BAT and activating the existing BAT. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the various molecules that can be used to promote white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure in order to assess the potential role of thermogenic nutraceuticals. This includes tools that could represent, in the future, a valid weapon against the obesity epidemic.
La crescente prevalenza del sovrappeso e obesità suggeriscono che le attuali strategie basate sulla dieta, esercizio, e conoscenze farmacologiche non sono sufficienti per contrastare questa epidemia. L'obesità risulta da un elevato introito e immagazzinamento calorico, quest'ultimo dal tessuto adiposo bianco (WAT), e quando non sono controbilanciati da una spesa energetica ugualmente elevata. Proprio per questo, attuali ricerche sono concentrate sullo sviluppo di nuove strategie per incrementare il dispendio energetico. Tuttavia, il tessuto adiposo bruno (BAT), la cui importanza è stata rivalutata recentemente attraverso l'utilizzo di tecniche moderne di emissione di positroni (PET), sta ricevendo parecchia attenzione da istituzioni di ricerca in tutto il Mondo, dato che la sua funzione è quella di dissipare energia per produrre calore attraverso il procasso chiamato termogenesi. Nell'uomo avviene una sostanziale riduzione nel BAT durante il normale processo di crescita che non facilmente spiegabile. Negli anni recenti, la ricerca scientifica ha fatto grandi passi e indagato strategie che si concentrano sull'espansione del BAT e sull'attivazione del BAT. La presente rivista riassume l'attuale conoscenza riguardo le varie molecole che possono essere utilizzate per promuovere la conversione degli adipociti dal bianco-al-bruno e il dispendio energetico allo scopo di assistere il ruolo potenziale dei nutraceutici termogenici. Questo include strumenti che potrebbero rappresentare, in futuro, un'arma valida contro la pandemia dell'obesità.
"Browning" degli Adipociti: un Potenziale Approccio Terapeutico contro l'Obesità
MAZZOCCO, VALERIO
2024/2025
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity suggests that current strategies based on diet, exercise, and pharmacological knowledge are not sufficient to tackle this epidemic. Obesity results from a high caloric intake and energy storage, the latter by white adipose tissue (WAT), and when neither are counterbalanced by an equally high energy expenditure. As a matter of fact, current research is focused on developing new strategies to increase energy expenditure. Against this background, brown adipose tissue (BAT), whose importance has recently been re-evaluated via the use of modern positron emission techniques (PET), is receiving a great deal of attention from research institutions worldwide, as its main function is to dissipate energy in the form of heat via a process called thermogenesis. A substantial reduction in BAT occurs during normal growth in humans and hence it is not easily exploitable. In recent years, scientific research has made great strides and investigated strategies that focus on expanding BAT and activating the existing BAT. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the various molecules that can be used to promote white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure in order to assess the potential role of thermogenic nutraceuticals. This includes tools that could represent, in the future, a valid weapon against the obesity epidemic.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/22610