Climate change is altering ecosystems around the world, especially polar ecosystems where glaciers are melting due to rising temperatures. This causes an increase in pollutants in the sea with the consequent loss of biodiversity. In this research, the presence of endocrine disruptors (ECD) in the Arctic Ocean food web is studied and analyzed. In order to study this phenomenon, a species highly suited for this purpose was chosen, the Greenland shark that thanks to its status as a predator is located at the top of the food chain and due to its slow metabolism can live for centuries thus allowing us to have an excellent profile of the transport of these contaminants along the food web. The EDCs selected for this study were 4-nonylphenol, its percussors mono- and di-ethoxylate and bisphenol A. In total, muscle and liver samples from 23 different sharks caught in different locations off the coast of Greenland were analyzed. The extraction of analytes was performed by the accelerated solvent extraction method while the detection of pollutants by HPLC with fluorescence detector. The results obtained showed a higher level of EDC pollution in muscle tissues for specimens collected in the northeast and southeast of Greenland while in the west the liver samples were the most contaminated. The results obtained from this study confirm the presence of these contaminants in the liver and muscle tissues of the Greenland shark demonstrating the presence of endocrine disruptors along the food chain of the Arctic Ocean.
I cambiamenti climatici stanno alterando gli ecosistemi di tutto il mondo, in particolare gli ecosistemi polari dove i ghiacciai si stanno sciogliendo a causa dell'aumento delle temperature. Questo provoca un aumento degli inquinanti in mare con la conseguente perdita di biodiversità. In questo ricerca viene studiata e analizzata la presenza di distruttori endocrini (ECD) nella rete trofica dell'oceano artico. Per poter studiare questo fenomeno è stata scelta una specie altamente adatta per questo scopo, lo squalo della Groenlandia che grazie al suo status di predatore è situato in cima alla catena alimentare e per via del suo lento metabolismo può vivere per secoli permettendoci cosi di avere un ottimo profilo del trasporto di questi contaminanti lungo la rete trofica. Gli EDC selezionati per questo studio sono stati il 4-nonilfenolo, i suoi percussori mono- e di-etossilato e il bisfenolo A. In totale sono stati analizzati campioni di muscoli e fegato provenienti da 23 diversi squali catturati in differenti posizioni al largo delle coste della Groenlandia. L'estrazione degli analiti è stata eseguita tramite il metodo accelerated solvent extraction mentre il rilevamento degli inquinanti tramite HPLC con detector a fluorescenza. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato un livello di inquinamento da EDC più alto nei tessuti muscolari per quanto riguarda gli esemplari prelevati nel nord-est e nel sud-est della Groenlandia mentre ad ovest i campioni di fegato erano i più contaminati. I risultati ottenuti da questo studio confermano la presenza di questi contaminanti nei tessuti epatici e muscolari dello squalo della Groenlandia dimostrando la presenza di distruttori endocrini lungo la catena trofica dell'Oceano Artico.
Bioaccumulo di nonilfenoli e bisfenoli A nello squalo della Groenlandia Somniosus microcephalus
CECCOLINI, LUCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Climate change is altering ecosystems around the world, especially polar ecosystems where glaciers are melting due to rising temperatures. This causes an increase in pollutants in the sea with the consequent loss of biodiversity. In this research, the presence of endocrine disruptors (ECD) in the Arctic Ocean food web is studied and analyzed. In order to study this phenomenon, a species highly suited for this purpose was chosen, the Greenland shark that thanks to its status as a predator is located at the top of the food chain and due to its slow metabolism can live for centuries thus allowing us to have an excellent profile of the transport of these contaminants along the food web. The EDCs selected for this study were 4-nonylphenol, its percussors mono- and di-ethoxylate and bisphenol A. In total, muscle and liver samples from 23 different sharks caught in different locations off the coast of Greenland were analyzed. The extraction of analytes was performed by the accelerated solvent extraction method while the detection of pollutants by HPLC with fluorescence detector. The results obtained showed a higher level of EDC pollution in muscle tissues for specimens collected in the northeast and southeast of Greenland while in the west the liver samples were the most contaminated. The results obtained from this study confirm the presence of these contaminants in the liver and muscle tissues of the Greenland shark demonstrating the presence of endocrine disruptors along the food chain of the Arctic Ocean.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/22653