This thesis examines how information and communication technology (ICT) innovations reshape business models in the media and entertainment industry. By analyzing Netflix and Spotify between 2010 and 2024, it explores how digital infrastructures and data-driven practices affect value creation, delivery, and capture. The research adopts a qualitative comparative case study design, combining academic literature, corporate reports, and industry analyses. Each case is reconstructed through an examination of technological choices, organizational adjustments, and strategic decisions, followed by a cross-case comparison that highlights both commonalities and divergences. Findings show two contrasting approaches to ICT-enabled transformation. Netflix demonstrates a subscription-based model reinforced by vertical integration and proprietary control, where ownership of intellectual property and distribution infrastructures sustain competitive advantage. Spotify, instead, reflects a multi-sided platform strategy: a freemium structure combined with personalization and diversification into new services such as podcasts and audiobooks, monetizing engagement through both subscriptions and advertising. These trajectories illustrate how ICT can either consolidate integration and control or enable ecosystem orchestration and scalability. Overall, the study argues that ICT should not be seen merely as an operational tool but as a structural component of business strategy. By comparing Netflix and Spotify, it shows that there is no single path to sustainable advantage: technology interacts with organizational capabilities and market context to generate different, yet effective, models. The thesis offers insights into the co-evolution of technology and business models and provides reflections for firms navigating the dynamics of the platform economy.
La tesi analizza come le innovazioni ICT (information and communication technology) trasformino i modelli di business nel settore dei media e dell’intrattenimento. Lo studio prende in esame Netflix e Spotify tra il 2010 e il 2024, indagando come infrastrutture digitali e pratiche basate sui dati influenzino la creazione, la distribuzione e la cattura del valore. La ricerca adotta un approccio qualitativo di tipo comparativo, basato su letteratura accademica, report aziendali e analisi di settore. Per ciascun caso vengono ricostruite le principali scelte tecnologiche, gli adattamenti organizzativi e le decisioni strategiche, seguite da un confronto che mette in luce convergenze e differenze. I risultati mostrano due approcci distinti alla trasformazione abilitata dall’ICT. Netflix si caratterizza per un modello in abbonamento sostenuto dall’integrazione verticale e dal controllo diretto delle infrastrutture e dei contenuti, a garanzia di stabilità e vantaggio competitivo. Spotify, invece, rappresenta una piattaforma multi-sided fondata su una struttura freemium, fortemente orientata alla personalizzazione e alla diversificazione in servizi come podcast e audiolibri, con ricavi generati sia dagli abbonamenti sia dalla pubblicità. Questi percorsi evidenziano come l’ICT possa rafforzare processi di integrazione e controllo, oppure favorire l’orchestrazione e la scalabilità di ecosistemi digitali. Nel complesso, la tesi sostiene che l’ICT non debba essere considerata un semplice supporto operativo, ma una componente strutturale della strategia aziendale. Il confronto tra Netflix e Spotify dimostra che non esiste un unico percorso verso il vantaggio competitivo sostenibile, ma diverse risposte strategiche determinate dall’interazione tra tecnologia, capacità organizzative e contesto di mercato.
The Impact of ICT on Media and Entertainment Business Models: The Cases of Netflix and Spotify
VANNUCCI, FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines how information and communication technology (ICT) innovations reshape business models in the media and entertainment industry. By analyzing Netflix and Spotify between 2010 and 2024, it explores how digital infrastructures and data-driven practices affect value creation, delivery, and capture. The research adopts a qualitative comparative case study design, combining academic literature, corporate reports, and industry analyses. Each case is reconstructed through an examination of technological choices, organizational adjustments, and strategic decisions, followed by a cross-case comparison that highlights both commonalities and divergences. Findings show two contrasting approaches to ICT-enabled transformation. Netflix demonstrates a subscription-based model reinforced by vertical integration and proprietary control, where ownership of intellectual property and distribution infrastructures sustain competitive advantage. Spotify, instead, reflects a multi-sided platform strategy: a freemium structure combined with personalization and diversification into new services such as podcasts and audiobooks, monetizing engagement through both subscriptions and advertising. These trajectories illustrate how ICT can either consolidate integration and control or enable ecosystem orchestration and scalability. Overall, the study argues that ICT should not be seen merely as an operational tool but as a structural component of business strategy. By comparing Netflix and Spotify, it shows that there is no single path to sustainable advantage: technology interacts with organizational capabilities and market context to generate different, yet effective, models. The thesis offers insights into the co-evolution of technology and business models and provides reflections for firms navigating the dynamics of the platform economy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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embargo fino al 13/04/2027
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/22901