BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus in adults is a neurological and neurosurgical condition characterized by the Hakim-Adams triad of symptoms: cognitive decline, gait and balance disturbances, and urinary disturbances. This condition represents one of the few causes of cognitive decline that can potentially be treated with cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery. One of the most significant challenges is the difficulty in objectively diagnosing the condition and identifying patients who may benefit from the procedure. The objective of the study is to validate the diagnostic technique of the infusion test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 patients who underwent lumbar infusion test with LiquoGuard7 were included, including 3 patients who had undergone VPS shunt surgery with a positive clinical outcome. All 15 patients underwent a clinical evaluation, and pre-test brain MRI and CT scans were reviewed. Radiological indices indicative of pathology were calculated: Evans index, temporal horn dimensions, callosal angle, and z-Evans index. Patients were divided into "operated" and "non-operated" groups, and a post-operative MRI scan was also reviewed for one of the patient in the first group. RESULTS: Radiological indices and infusion test parameters, such as Rout, Pstart, and Pplateau, were compared between the two groups. This comparison revealed that radiological indices were unable to accurately distinguish patients eligible for surgery. Conversely, the infusion test identified patients who benefited from surgery, as demonstrated by significant postoperative clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The infusion test demonstrated good diagnostic reliability with objective parameters consistent with the patient's clinical findings. Therefore, radiological parameters can be used as a primary screening method in conjunction with clinical assessment to identify patients eligible for the infusion test.
BACKGROUND E OBIETTIVO: L’idrocefalo normoteso dell’adulto è una patologia di pertinenza neurologica e neurochirurgica che si caratterizza dalla triade sintomatologica di Hakim-Adams: decadimento cognitivo, disturbi della marcia e dell’equilibrio e disturbi urinari. Questa patologia rappresenta una delle poche cause di declino cognitivo potenzialmente risolvibili mediante un intervento di derivazione liquorale. Una delle problematiche più significative è rappresentata dalla difficoltà di diagnosticare in maniera oggettiva la patologia e intercettare quei pazienti che possono beneficiare dell’intervento. L’obiettivo dello studio è validare la tecnica diagnostica del test di infusione liquorale. MATERIALI E METODI: Sono stati inclusi 15 pazienti sottoposti a test di infusione liquorale con LiquoGuard7, di cui 3 pazienti sottoposti ad intervento di derivazione VPS con esito clinico positivo. Di tutti i 15 pazienti è stata valutata la clinica e sono state visionate le immagini MRI e TC encefalo eseguite pre-test, e calcolati alcuni indici radiologici indicativi di patologia: indice di Evans, dimensioni dei corni temporali, angolo calloso e z-Evans index. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi in “operati” e “non operati”, e di uno dei pazienti facente parte del primo gruppo è stata visionata anche una MRI eseguita nel post-operatorio. RISULTATI: Gli indici radiologici e i parametri del test di infusione liquorale, quali Rout, Pstart e Pplateau sono stati confrontati tra i due gruppi. Da questa comparazione è emerso che gli indici radiologici non sono stati in grado di discernere in maniera accurata i pazienti candidabili all’intervento. Al contrario, il test di infusione ha permesso di intercettare pazienti che hanno beneficiato dell’intervento, ciò dimostrato da un significativo miglioramento clinico post-operatorio. CONCLUSIONI: Il test di infusione ha dimostrato una buona affidabilità diagnostica con parametri oggettivi e concordi con la clinica del paziente. I parametri radiologici, perciò, possono essere utilizzati come primo metodo di screening in associazione alla valutazione clinica per rintracciare i pazienti candidabili al test di infusione.
IL TEST DI INFUSIONE: NUOVA METODICA PER LA DIAGNOSI DI IDROCEFALO NORMOTESO
PATRIGNANI, TIZIANO
2024/2025
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus in adults is a neurological and neurosurgical condition characterized by the Hakim-Adams triad of symptoms: cognitive decline, gait and balance disturbances, and urinary disturbances. This condition represents one of the few causes of cognitive decline that can potentially be treated with cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery. One of the most significant challenges is the difficulty in objectively diagnosing the condition and identifying patients who may benefit from the procedure. The objective of the study is to validate the diagnostic technique of the infusion test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 patients who underwent lumbar infusion test with LiquoGuard7 were included, including 3 patients who had undergone VPS shunt surgery with a positive clinical outcome. All 15 patients underwent a clinical evaluation, and pre-test brain MRI and CT scans were reviewed. Radiological indices indicative of pathology were calculated: Evans index, temporal horn dimensions, callosal angle, and z-Evans index. Patients were divided into "operated" and "non-operated" groups, and a post-operative MRI scan was also reviewed for one of the patient in the first group. RESULTS: Radiological indices and infusion test parameters, such as Rout, Pstart, and Pplateau, were compared between the two groups. This comparison revealed that radiological indices were unable to accurately distinguish patients eligible for surgery. Conversely, the infusion test identified patients who benefited from surgery, as demonstrated by significant postoperative clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The infusion test demonstrated good diagnostic reliability with objective parameters consistent with the patient's clinical findings. Therefore, radiological parameters can be used as a primary screening method in conjunction with clinical assessment to identify patients eligible for the infusion test.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Il test di infusione nuova metodica per la diagnosi di idrocefalo normoteso - Tiziano Patrignani.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23002