This review will discuss the mechanisms of repair and regeneration in various tissue types and how dysregulation of these mechanisms may lead to cancer. Normal tissue homeostasis involves a careful balance between cell loss and cell renewal. Stem and progenitor cells perform these biologic processes as the functional units of regeneration dur ing both tissue homeostasis and repair. The concept of tissue stem cells capable of giving rise to all differentiated cells within a given tissue led to the concept of a cellular hierarchy in tissues and in tumors. Thus, only a few cells may be necessary and sufficient for tissue repair or tumor regeneration. This is known as the hierarchical model of tumorigenesis. This report will compare this model with the stochastic model of tumorigenesis. Under normal cir cumstances, the processes of tissue regeneration or homeostasis are tightly regulated by several morphogen pathways to prevent excessive or inappropriate cell growth. This review presents the recent evidence that dysregulation of these processes may provide opportunities for carcinogenesis for the long-lived, highly proliferative tissue stem cell pop ulation. New findings of cancer initiating tissue stem cells identified in several solid and circulating cancers includ ing breast, brain and hematopoietic tumors will also be reviewed. Finally, this report reviews the cellular biology of cancer and its relevance to the development of more effective cancer treatment protocols
Questa rassegna discute i meccanismi di riparazione e rigenerazione nei diversi tipi di tessuto e come la deregolazione di tali meccanismi possa portare al cancro. L’omeostasi dei tessuti normali richiede un attento equilibrio tra perdita cellulare e rinnovamento. Le cellule staminali e progenitrici svolgono questi processi biologici come unità funzionali della rigenerazione, sia durante l’omeostasi che durante la riparazione. Il concetto di cellule staminali tissutali, capaci di generare tutte le cellule differenziate di un tessuto, ha introdotto l’idea di una gerarchia cellulare sia nei tessuti che nei tumori. Di conseguenza, poche cellule possono essere necessarie e sufficienti per la riparazione di un tessuto o la rigenerazione di un tumore: questo è noto come modello gerarchico di tumorigenesi. Il rapporto confronta questo modello con quello stocastico, secondo il quale qualsiasi cellula tumorale può dare origine a nuove neoplasie. Normalmente, i processi di rigenerazione e omeostasi sono regolati da vie di segnalazione morfogeniche che impediscono una crescita cellulare eccessiva o inappropriata. Tuttavia, la deregolazione di questi meccanismi può offrire opportunità di cancerogenesi per la popolazione di cellule staminali tissutali, longeve e altamente proliferative. Saranno esaminate le nuove evidenze sull’identificazione di cellule staminali tumorali iniziatrici in diversi tumori solidi e circolanti, tra cui quelli della mammella, del cervello e del sangue. Infine, viene rivista la biologia cellulare del cancro e la sua rilevanza per lo sviluppo di protocolli terapeutici oncologici più efficaci.
Riparazione e rigenerazione: possibilità di insorgenza tumorale a partire dalle cellule staminali dei tessuti
CURZI, NOAH
2024/2025
Abstract
This review will discuss the mechanisms of repair and regeneration in various tissue types and how dysregulation of these mechanisms may lead to cancer. Normal tissue homeostasis involves a careful balance between cell loss and cell renewal. Stem and progenitor cells perform these biologic processes as the functional units of regeneration dur ing both tissue homeostasis and repair. The concept of tissue stem cells capable of giving rise to all differentiated cells within a given tissue led to the concept of a cellular hierarchy in tissues and in tumors. Thus, only a few cells may be necessary and sufficient for tissue repair or tumor regeneration. This is known as the hierarchical model of tumorigenesis. This report will compare this model with the stochastic model of tumorigenesis. Under normal cir cumstances, the processes of tissue regeneration or homeostasis are tightly regulated by several morphogen pathways to prevent excessive or inappropriate cell growth. This review presents the recent evidence that dysregulation of these processes may provide opportunities for carcinogenesis for the long-lived, highly proliferative tissue stem cell pop ulation. New findings of cancer initiating tissue stem cells identified in several solid and circulating cancers includ ing breast, brain and hematopoietic tumors will also be reviewed. Finally, this report reviews the cellular biology of cancer and its relevance to the development of more effective cancer treatment protocols| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Cancer Stem Cells or Tumor Survival Cells 2.pdf
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1.4 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23390