High recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognoses are the major challenges of current cancer therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development, chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, targeted CSC therapy has become a new strategy for solving the problems of cancer metastasis and recurrence. Since the properties of CSCs are regulated by the specific tumour microenvironment, the so-called CSC niche, which targets crosstalk between CSCs and their niches, is vital in our pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer from recurring. In this review, we aim to highlight the factors within the CSC niche that have important roles in regulating CSC properties, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells (e.g., associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)), and physiological changes (e.g., inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis). We also discuss recent progress regarding therapies targeting CSCs and their niche to elucidate developments of more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer.
Le elevate percentuali di recidiva e metastasi e le prognosi sfavorevoli, rappresentano le principali sfide per la terapia oncologica attuale. Numerose evidenze suggeriscono che le cellule staminali tumorali (CSCs) svolgono un ruolo importante nello sviluppo del cancro, nella resistenza alla chemio-radioterapia, nella recidiva e nella metastasi. Pertanto, la terapia mirata alle CSC è diventata una nuova strategia per affrontare i problemi della recidiva e metastasi del cancro. Le proprietà delle CSC sono regolate dallo specifico microambiente tumorale, la cosiddetta nicchia delle CSC, dunque è fondamentale intervenire sull'interazione tra le CSC e la loro nicchia, nella ricerca di nuove opportunità terapeutiche per prevenire la ricomparsa del cancro. Il fine ultimo è quello di evidenziare i fattori presenti nella nicchia delle CSC che svolgono ruoli importanti nella regolazione delle proprietà delle CSC, tra cui: la matrice extracellulare (ECM), le cellule stromali (macrofagi associati al tumore (TAM), i fibroblasti associati al cancro (CAF) e le cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC)) e i cambiamenti fisiologici (come infiammazione, ipossia e angiogenesi). Inoltre, verranno discussi i recenti progressi relativi alle terapie che prendono di mira le CSC e la loro nicchia, al fine di chiarire gli sviluppi di strategie terapeutiche più efficaci per eliminare il cancro.
Le cellule staminali tumorali e la loro nicchia nella progressione e terapia del cancro
GARRUBBA, NICOLETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
High recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognoses are the major challenges of current cancer therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development, chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, targeted CSC therapy has become a new strategy for solving the problems of cancer metastasis and recurrence. Since the properties of CSCs are regulated by the specific tumour microenvironment, the so-called CSC niche, which targets crosstalk between CSCs and their niches, is vital in our pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer from recurring. In this review, we aim to highlight the factors within the CSC niche that have important roles in regulating CSC properties, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells (e.g., associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)), and physiological changes (e.g., inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis). We also discuss recent progress regarding therapies targeting CSCs and their niche to elucidate developments of more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Triennale Nicoletta.pdf
embargo fino al 23/04/2027
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23405