The current economic and environmental context requires a rapid transition towards a sustainable energy model, with the aim of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. In this perspective, the European Union, and consequently Italy, have set ambitious targets for 2030 and 2050, aimed at increasing the share of renewable energy in final consumption and achieving climate neutrality. One of the most promising solutions for the achievement of these objectives is represented by hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). Such configurations integrate different renewable technologies, including cogeneration units powered by biogas/biomethane and photovoltaic plants, capable of simultaneously producing electricity and heat. This approach makes it possible to increase the overall efficiency of the system, while at the same time reducing its environmental impact. This thesis, after an analysis of the reference framework and a description of the technologies employed, assesses the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of an HRES applied to a farm in Northern Italy. The system considered integrates two cogenerators powered by biogas/biomethane (for a total electrical capacity of 400 kWe) and a 100 kW photovoltaic plant. Starting from the real case, characterized by the presence of an incentive tariff, alternative scenarios are developed, in which technical and economic variations are introduced. The scenarios are analyzed in terms of economic convenience, through indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Payback Period (PBP), and from the environmental point of view, considering the tons of CO₂ avoided. In addition, sensitivity analyses are carried out, varying key parameters such as the purchase price of electricity and the selling value of biomethane. The results show that all the scenarios analyzed ensure a positive economic return, confirming the financial sustainability of the investments. However, the decisive role of state incentive policies in stimulating the development and dissemination of renewables clearly emerges. From an environmental perspective, the adoption of renewable technologies results in a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, contributing to the mitigation of climate impacts. In conclusion, the study highlights the strategic importance of continuing to invest in and develop solutions based on renewable sources, both to strengthen national energy independence and to promote a more sustainable and resilient growth model.
L’attuale contesto economico e ambientale impone una rapida transizione verso un modello energetico sostenibile, con l’obiettivo di ridurre in maniera significativa le emissioni di gas serra e la dipendenza dai combustibili fossili. In tale prospettiva, l’Unione Europea, e di conseguenza l’Italia, hanno definito ambiziosi traguardi per il 2030 e il 2050, volti ad accrescere la quota di energia rinnovabile nei consumi finali e a conseguire la neutralità climatica. Una delle soluzioni più promettenti per il raggiungimento di tali obiettivi è rappresentata dai sistemi energetici ibridi da fonti rinnovabili (HRESs). Tali configurazioni integrano diverse tecnologie rinnovabili, tra cui unità cogenerative alimentate a biogas/biometano e impianti fotovoltaici, in grado di produrre simultaneamente energia elettrica e termica. Questo approccio consente di incrementare l’efficienza complessiva del sistema, riducendo al contempo l’impatto ambientale. La presente tesi, dopo un’analisi del quadro di riferimento e una descrizione delle tecnologie impiegate, valuta la fattibilità tecnica, economica e ambientale di un HRES applicato a un’azienda agricola del Nord Italia. Il sistema considerato integra due cogeneratori a biogas/biometano (per una potenza elettrica complessiva di 400 kWe) e un impianto fotovoltaico da 100 kW. A partire dal caso reale, caratterizzato dalla presenza di una tariffa incentivante, vengono sviluppati scenari alternativi, nei quali sono introdotte variazioni di tipo tecnico ed economico. Gli scenari vengono analizzati in termini di convenienza economica. attraverso indicatori quali il Valore Attuale Netto (VAN) e il Payback Period (PBP). e sotto il profilo ambientale, considerando le tonnellate di CO2 evitate. Inoltre, sono condotte analisi di sensibilità, variando parametri chiave come il prezzo di acquisto dell’energia elettrica e il valore di vendita del biometano. I risultati mostrano come tutti gli scenari analizzati garantiscano un ritorno economico positivo, confermando la sostenibilità finanziaria degli investimenti. Tuttavia, emerge chiaramente il ruolo determinante delle politiche di incentivazione statale nello stimolare lo sviluppo e la diffusione delle rinnovabili. Dal punto di vista ambientale, l’adozione di tecnologie rinnovabili si traduce in una consistente riduzione delle emissioni di CO2, contribuendo alla mitigazione degli impatti climatici. In conclusione, lo studio evidenzia l’importanza strategica di continuare a investire e sviluppare soluzioni basate su fonti rinnovabili, sia per rafforzare l’indipendenza energetica nazionale, sia per promuovere un modello di crescita più sostenibile e resiliente.
Sistemi energetici ibridi rinnovabili (HRESs): studio tecnico-economico di un caso applicativo in ambito agricolo
ROCCHETTI, LORENZO
2024/2025
Abstract
The current economic and environmental context requires a rapid transition towards a sustainable energy model, with the aim of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. In this perspective, the European Union, and consequently Italy, have set ambitious targets for 2030 and 2050, aimed at increasing the share of renewable energy in final consumption and achieving climate neutrality. One of the most promising solutions for the achievement of these objectives is represented by hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). Such configurations integrate different renewable technologies, including cogeneration units powered by biogas/biomethane and photovoltaic plants, capable of simultaneously producing electricity and heat. This approach makes it possible to increase the overall efficiency of the system, while at the same time reducing its environmental impact. This thesis, after an analysis of the reference framework and a description of the technologies employed, assesses the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of an HRES applied to a farm in Northern Italy. The system considered integrates two cogenerators powered by biogas/biomethane (for a total electrical capacity of 400 kWe) and a 100 kW photovoltaic plant. Starting from the real case, characterized by the presence of an incentive tariff, alternative scenarios are developed, in which technical and economic variations are introduced. The scenarios are analyzed in terms of economic convenience, through indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Payback Period (PBP), and from the environmental point of view, considering the tons of CO₂ avoided. In addition, sensitivity analyses are carried out, varying key parameters such as the purchase price of electricity and the selling value of biomethane. The results show that all the scenarios analyzed ensure a positive economic return, confirming the financial sustainability of the investments. However, the decisive role of state incentive policies in stimulating the development and dissemination of renewables clearly emerges. From an environmental perspective, the adoption of renewable technologies results in a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, contributing to the mitigation of climate impacts. In conclusion, the study highlights the strategic importance of continuing to invest in and develop solutions based on renewable sources, both to strengthen national energy independence and to promote a more sustainable and resilient growth model.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Lorenzo_Rocchetti.pdf
embargo fino al 24/04/2027
Descrizione: Tesi di Laurea di Lorenzo Rocchetti
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2.86 MB
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Adobe PDF
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2.86 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23507