The study is part of the European project FLEXHYON (Flexible hybrid electrical system for sustainable process intensification on-demand and where required, GA:101192990), which aims to develop innovative drying solutions based on the combination of microwaves, ultrasounds, and heat pumps within three industrial processes: ceramic tile production, feed production, and essential oil extraction. This technology enables deep and uniform drying within the sample, making surface measurements even more representative and strengthening the validity of the proposed spectral techniques, while also contributing to the electrification of consumption in the three cited case studies. The objective is to investigate the feasibility and reliability of SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) spectral imaging and NIR (Near Infrared) photometry techniques for the detection and quantification of surface moisture on materials of industrial interest. Spectral acquisitions were carried out on a set of representative samples of ceramic tiles, calcium carbonate, and botanical material, from which histograms of pixel intensity values derived from SWIR image acquisitions were extracted. On these histograms, normalized statistical metrics (mean, peak, skewness coefficient) and their variations across moisture conditions were calculated. The results show that the normalized mean at the wavelength of 1450 nm exhibits a monotonic relationship with the water content, offering high repeatability; in fact, the percentage variation of the normalized mean between surface conditions is less than 0.05. This behavior enables a simple and efficient single-band monitoring approach, suitable for in-line control systems. Additional metrics enhance the robustness of discrimination between surface conditions and help mitigate local surface effects. Compensation strategies and prospects for practical implementations for the extension to industrial non-destructive monitoring processes are also discussed. Keywords: ceramic tiles, calcium carbonate, botanical material, SWIR vision technique, NIR photometry, surface moisture, in-line monitoring, repeatability
Lo studio si colloca all’interno del progetto europeo FLEXHYON (Flexible hy brid electrical system for sustainable process intensification on-demand and whe re required, GA:101192990), che mira a sviluppare soluzioni di essiccazione in novative basate sulla combinazione di microonde, ultrasuoni e pompa di calore all’interno di tre processi industriali: produzione di piastrelle ceramiche, produ zione di mangime ed estrazione degli oli essenziali. Questa tecnologia consente di avviare l’essiccazione in profondit`a e in modo uniforme all’interno del campione, rendendo le misure superficiali ancora pi`u rappresentative e rafforzando la vali dit`a delle tecniche spettrali proposte; oltre che a elettrificare i consumi nei tre casi di studio citati. L’obiettivo `e quello di indagare la fattibilit`a e l’affidabilit`a di tecniche di imaging spettrale SWIR (Short Wave Infrared e fotometria NIR (Near Infrared) per il rilevamento e la quantificazione dell’umidit`a superficiale su materiali di interesse industriale. Sono state condotte acquisizioni spettra li su un set di campioni rappresentativi di piastrelle ceramiche, carbonato di calcio e materiale botanico, da cui sono stati estratti gli istogrammi dei valori di intensit`a dei pixel derivanti dalle acquisizioni delle immagini SWIR. Su tali istogrammi sono state calcolate metriche statistiche normalizzate (media, pic co, coefficiente di asimmetria) e relative variazioni tra condizioni di umidit`a. I risultati mostrano che la media normalizzata alla lunghezza d’onda di 1450 nm presenta una relazione monotona con il contenuto idrico, offrendo elevata ripeti bilit`a; infatti, la variazione percentuale della media normalizzata tra condizioni superficiali risulta inferiore a 0,05. Tale comportamento rende possibile un ap proccio di monitoraggio monobanda semplice ed efficiente, adatto a sistemi di controllo in linea. Metriche aggiuntive aumentano la robustezza della discri minazione tra condizioni superficiali e permettono di mitigare effetti locali di superficie. Si discutono inoltre le strategie di compensazione e le prospettive per implementazioni pratiche per l’estensione a processi industriali di monitoraggio non distruttivo. Parole chiave: piastrelle ceramiche, carbonato di calcio, materiale botanico, tecnica di visione SWIR, fotometria NIR, umidit`a superficiale, monitoraggio in-linea, ripetibilit`a
STUDIO E SVILUPPO DI SOLUZIONI INNOVATIVE PER LA MISURA ON-LINE DI UMIDITÀ DI MATERIALI PROCESSATI CON SISTEMI DI RISCALDAMENTO ALTERNATIVI SOSTENIBILI
TINTI, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
The study is part of the European project FLEXHYON (Flexible hybrid electrical system for sustainable process intensification on-demand and where required, GA:101192990), which aims to develop innovative drying solutions based on the combination of microwaves, ultrasounds, and heat pumps within three industrial processes: ceramic tile production, feed production, and essential oil extraction. This technology enables deep and uniform drying within the sample, making surface measurements even more representative and strengthening the validity of the proposed spectral techniques, while also contributing to the electrification of consumption in the three cited case studies. The objective is to investigate the feasibility and reliability of SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) spectral imaging and NIR (Near Infrared) photometry techniques for the detection and quantification of surface moisture on materials of industrial interest. Spectral acquisitions were carried out on a set of representative samples of ceramic tiles, calcium carbonate, and botanical material, from which histograms of pixel intensity values derived from SWIR image acquisitions were extracted. On these histograms, normalized statistical metrics (mean, peak, skewness coefficient) and their variations across moisture conditions were calculated. The results show that the normalized mean at the wavelength of 1450 nm exhibits a monotonic relationship with the water content, offering high repeatability; in fact, the percentage variation of the normalized mean between surface conditions is less than 0.05. This behavior enables a simple and efficient single-band monitoring approach, suitable for in-line control systems. Additional metrics enhance the robustness of discrimination between surface conditions and help mitigate local surface effects. Compensation strategies and prospects for practical implementations for the extension to industrial non-destructive monitoring processes are also discussed. Keywords: ceramic tiles, calcium carbonate, botanical material, SWIR vision technique, NIR photometry, surface moisture, in-line monitoring, repeatability| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23510