The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact associated with the production of a five-axis CNC machining center, the Morbidelli X400, through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The activity was carried out at SCM Group as part of a pilot project aimed not only at exploring the potential systematic integration of the LCA methodology into company processes, but also at providing the organization with tools and expertise in anticipation of possible future regulatory requirements. The analysis was conducted by applying in parallel both the standard methodology defined by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and the simplified approach proposed by the VDMA 34178 guideline, specifically developed to facilitate the quantification of the Carbon Footprint (CFP) of complex machine tools such as the Morbidelli X400. The impact category analyzed is climate change, expressed in terms of CO₂-equivalent emissions. The study adopts a cradle-to-gate boundary, including emissions related to raw material acquisition, transportation, manufacturing processes, and the assembly phase of the machining center. In addition to quantifying the CFP, the study also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the VDMA methodology, highlighting its strengths, simplifications, and potential limitations, in order to propose operational solutions useful for the future standardization of the environmental analysis process within the company. The application of the two methodologies revealed a 6.52% difference in favor of the VDMA approach, mainly attributable to the different estimation methods of emissions associated with manufacturing processes. The results show that, while the simplified method allows for a reduction in time and complexity, it also presents some critical aspects that require further review.
Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di valutare l’impatto ambientale associato alla produzione di un centro di lavoro a cinque assi CNC Morbidelli X400, attraverso il life cycle assessment (LCA). L’attività è stata svolta presso SCM Group, nell’ambito di un progetto pilota finalizzato non solo alla possibile integrazione sistematica della metodologia LCA nei processi aziendali, ma anche a dotare l’azienda di strumenti e competenze in vista di un possibile ampliamento degli obblighi normativi. L’analisi è stata condotta applicando in parallelo sia la metodologia standard definita dalle norme ISO 14040 e ISO 14044, sia l’approccio semplificato proposto dalla linea guida VDMA 34178, sviluppata specificamente per agevolare la quantificazione della Carbon Footprint (CFP) di macchine utensili complesse, come la Morbidelli x400. La categoria d’impatto analizzata è climate change, espressa in termini di emissioni di CO₂ equivalenti. Lo studio adotta un confine cradle to gate, includendo le emissioni associate all’acquisizione delle materie prime, ai trasporti, ai processi produttivi e alla fase di assemblaggio del centro di lavoro. Oltre alla quantificazione del CFP, l’obiettivo del lavoro è stato valutare l’efficacia della metodologia VDMA, evidenziandone punti di forza, semplificazioni e potenziali criticità, al fine di proporre soluzioni operative utili per una futura standardizzazione del processo di analisi ambientale all’interno dell’azienda. L’applicazione delle due metodologie ha evidenziato una differenza del 6,52% a favore dell’approccio VDMA, riconducibile principalmente alle diverse modalità di stima delle emissioni associate ai processi produttivi. I risultati mostrano che, se da un lato il metodo semplificato consente di ridurre tempi e complessità, dall’altro presenta alcune criticità che richiedono una revisione.
ANALISI COMPARATIVA DEI METODI ISO 14040/14044 E VDMA 34178 PER LA VALUTAZIONE DI SOSTENIBILITÀ DI UN CENTRO DI LAVORO
MARILUNGO, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact associated with the production of a five-axis CNC machining center, the Morbidelli X400, through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The activity was carried out at SCM Group as part of a pilot project aimed not only at exploring the potential systematic integration of the LCA methodology into company processes, but also at providing the organization with tools and expertise in anticipation of possible future regulatory requirements. The analysis was conducted by applying in parallel both the standard methodology defined by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and the simplified approach proposed by the VDMA 34178 guideline, specifically developed to facilitate the quantification of the Carbon Footprint (CFP) of complex machine tools such as the Morbidelli X400. The impact category analyzed is climate change, expressed in terms of CO₂-equivalent emissions. The study adopts a cradle-to-gate boundary, including emissions related to raw material acquisition, transportation, manufacturing processes, and the assembly phase of the machining center. In addition to quantifying the CFP, the study also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the VDMA methodology, highlighting its strengths, simplifications, and potential limitations, in order to propose operational solutions useful for the future standardization of the environmental analysis process within the company. The application of the two methodologies revealed a 6.52% difference in favor of the VDMA approach, mainly attributable to the different estimation methods of emissions associated with manufacturing processes. The results show that, while the simplified method allows for a reduction in time and complexity, it also presents some critical aspects that require further review.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23517