Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in athletes, though a rare event, raises important diagnostic and preventive issues. SCD is often correlated with structural heart diseases or hereditary cardiac channelopathies (e.g., long/short QT syndromes and Brugada syndrome), many of which can manifest alterations on the electrocardiogram (ECG) trace, especially under exertion. The cardiovascular response to training in athletes, known as the "Athlete's Heart," induces physiological cardiac remodeling, resulting in ECG changes (e.g., bradycardia, increased QRS voltage) that must be distinguished from pathological ones. This thesis aims to evaluate the cardiovascular conditions of a sample of ten young, asymptomatic weightlifting athletes with no known cardiac pathologies, while performing two high-intensity, multi-joint exercises (Incline Leg Press and Dumbbell Incline Bench Press). The experimental methodology involved the continuous acquisition of the ECG signal and other vital parameters using the wearable device Zephyr BioHarness 3.0. The data were downloaded and analyzed using codes developed in the Matlab environment to plot and interpret the signals. The results show that high-intensity physical activity induces an increase in the QRS complex voltage in the monitored subjects, which is consistent with the increased cardiac workload and potential physiological remodeling, before returning to normal values post-exertion. Furthermore, the maintenance of a regular heart rhythm (constant R-R intervals) was identified during the exercise. In conclusion, the analysis allowed for the examination of the typical waves present in the ECG, highlighting the sport-related alterations. However, it is emphasized that the ECG alone is not sufficient to exclude all causes of SCD, making integration with medical history (anamnesis) and physical examination necessary for effective preventive screening in the sports setting.
La Morte Cardiaca Improvvisa (MCI) nell'atleta, sebbene sia un evento raro, solleva importanti questioni diagnostiche e preventive. La MCI è spesso correlata a cardiopatie strutturali o a canalopatie cardiache ereditarie (es. sindromi del QT lungo/corto e di Brugada), molte delle quali possono manifestare alterazioni sul tracciato elettrocardiografico (ECG), specialmente sotto sforzo. La risposta cardiovascolare all'allenamento negli atleti, nota come "Cuore d'atleta", induce rimodellamento cardiaco fisiologico, che si traduce in variazioni ECG (es. bradicardia, aumento del voltaggio QRS) che devono essere distinte da quelle patologiche. La presente tesi si propone di valutare le condizioni cardiovascolari di un campione di dieci giovani atleti di sala pesi, asintomatici e senza patologie cardiache note, durante l'esecuzione di due esercizi multiarticolari ad alta intensità (Leg Press inclinata e spinte con manubri su panca inclinata). La metodologia sperimentale ha previsto l'acquisizione continua del segnale ECG e di altri parametri vitali tramite lo strumento indossabile Zephyr BioHarness 3.0. I dati sono stati scaricati e analizzati mediante codici sviluppati in ambiente Matlab per tracciare e interpretare i segnali. I risultati mostrano che l'attività fisica ad alta intensità induce un aumento del voltaggio del complesso QRS nei soggetti monitorati, compatibile con l'aumento del carico di lavoro cardiaco e il potenziale rimodellamento fisiologico, per poi ritornare a valori normali post-sforzo. Inoltre, è stato individuato il mantenimento di un ritmo cardiaco regolare (intervalli R-R costanti) durante l'esercizio. In conclusione, l'analisi ha permesso di analizzare le onde tipiche presenti nell’ECG, evidenziandone le alterazioni sport-correlate. Tuttavia, si sottolinea che l'ECG da solo non è sufficiente per escludere tutte le cause di MCI, rendendo necessaria l'integrazione con l'anamnesi e l'esame obiettivo per un efficace screening preventivo in ambito sportivo.
MONITORAGGIO CARDIORESPIRATORIO DEGLI ATLETI IN SALA PESI TRAMITE SENSORISTICA INDOSSABILE
PESCI, MATILDE
2024/2025
Abstract
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in athletes, though a rare event, raises important diagnostic and preventive issues. SCD is often correlated with structural heart diseases or hereditary cardiac channelopathies (e.g., long/short QT syndromes and Brugada syndrome), many of which can manifest alterations on the electrocardiogram (ECG) trace, especially under exertion. The cardiovascular response to training in athletes, known as the "Athlete's Heart," induces physiological cardiac remodeling, resulting in ECG changes (e.g., bradycardia, increased QRS voltage) that must be distinguished from pathological ones. This thesis aims to evaluate the cardiovascular conditions of a sample of ten young, asymptomatic weightlifting athletes with no known cardiac pathologies, while performing two high-intensity, multi-joint exercises (Incline Leg Press and Dumbbell Incline Bench Press). The experimental methodology involved the continuous acquisition of the ECG signal and other vital parameters using the wearable device Zephyr BioHarness 3.0. The data were downloaded and analyzed using codes developed in the Matlab environment to plot and interpret the signals. The results show that high-intensity physical activity induces an increase in the QRS complex voltage in the monitored subjects, which is consistent with the increased cardiac workload and potential physiological remodeling, before returning to normal values post-exertion. Furthermore, the maintenance of a regular heart rhythm (constant R-R intervals) was identified during the exercise. In conclusion, the analysis allowed for the examination of the typical waves present in the ECG, highlighting the sport-related alterations. However, it is emphasized that the ECG alone is not sufficient to exclude all causes of SCD, making integration with medical history (anamnesis) and physical examination necessary for effective preventive screening in the sports setting.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23636