The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most frequent injuries in sports, particularly in disciplines characterized by sudden changes of direction, jumps, and physical contact. In young athletes, surgical reconstruction is often required, with long recovery times before returning to play and a high risk of reinjury, both to the reconstructed knee and to the contralateral one. Over the past decades, surgical techniques have advanced significantly, allowing a reconstruction that closely replicates the anatomical and biomechanical properties of the native ligament. However, despite substantial progress in rehabilitation, the return to sport remains a critical stage: many athletes, even after completing their rehabilitation program and successfully passing traditional functional tests, suffer new injuries or fail to regain their preinjury performance level. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that simply restoring strength and range of motion is not sufficient. Neurocognitive rehabilitation is also necessary, addressing the central adaptations that occur following injury and surgery. From this perspective arises the concept of dual-task training, which consists of integrating cognitive stimuli into rehabilitation protocols and functional assessments to reduce the risk of future injuries. This thesis is a narrative literature review aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of dual-task integration in both rehabilitation protocols and return-to-sport (RTS) assessment criteria. The literature search was conducted across three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and led to the selection of five studies, including experimental designs, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews. The results show that dual-task exercises significantly alter the biomechanics of athletes after ACL reconstruction, changes that are not detectable under standard testing conditions. Therefore, integrating dual-task components into rehabilitation and functional testing appears essential to minimize the risk of reinjury and promote a safer, more complete return to sport.
La lesione del legamento crociato anteriore (LCA) rappresenta uno degli infortuni più frequenti in ambito sportivo e in particolar modo negli sport caratterizzati da cambi di direzione repentini, salti e contatti. Quando si tratta di giovani atleti nella maggior parte dei casi si ricorre alla chirurgia, i tempi di recupero per il ritorno in campo sono piuttosto lunghi e il rischio di un re infortunio è elevato sia sullo stesso ginocchio che sul controlaterale. Negli ultimi decenni la chirurgia ha fatto passi da gigante riuscendo a riprodurre nel miglior modo possibile le proprietà anatomiche e biomeccaniche del neolegamento. Nella riabilitazione, nonostante i progressi, il ritorno allo sport rimane un momento critico e numerosi atleti, pur avendo completato il percorso riabilitativo e superato i test funzionali tradizionali, riportano nuovi infortuni e non riescono a tornare al livello di performance precedente alla lesione. Negli ultimi anni si pensa che il semplice recupero della forza e della mobilità non sia sufficiente, ma occorre una riabilitazione anche dal punto di vista neurocognitivo a seguito delle modificazioni che si instaurano a livello centrale. Da qui nasce l’idea del dual task ovvero inserire stimoli cognitivi nei protocolli riabilitativi e nei test funzionali per ridurre il rischio di future lesioni. Questa tesi è una revisione narrativa della letteratura che vuole analizzare l’efficacia dell’integrazione del dual task proprio nei protocolli riabilitativi e nei criteri di valutazione al RTS. La ricerca è stata effettuata su tre database: PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science e ha selezionato cinque articoli tra sperimentali, RCT e revisioni sistematiche. I risultati mostrano che esercizi dual task modificano la biomeccanica degli atleti ACLR, non rilevabile in condizioni standard. Per questo motivo è opportuno integrare il dual task in riabilitazione e nei test funzionali per ridurre al minimo il rischio di nuove lesioni.
Test di valutazione e riabilitazione con dual task nella ricostruzione del LCA: un approccio innovativo al ritorno allo sport. Revisione narrativa della letteratura
BOARINI, PIETRO
2024/2025
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most frequent injuries in sports, particularly in disciplines characterized by sudden changes of direction, jumps, and physical contact. In young athletes, surgical reconstruction is often required, with long recovery times before returning to play and a high risk of reinjury, both to the reconstructed knee and to the contralateral one. Over the past decades, surgical techniques have advanced significantly, allowing a reconstruction that closely replicates the anatomical and biomechanical properties of the native ligament. However, despite substantial progress in rehabilitation, the return to sport remains a critical stage: many athletes, even after completing their rehabilitation program and successfully passing traditional functional tests, suffer new injuries or fail to regain their preinjury performance level. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that simply restoring strength and range of motion is not sufficient. Neurocognitive rehabilitation is also necessary, addressing the central adaptations that occur following injury and surgery. From this perspective arises the concept of dual-task training, which consists of integrating cognitive stimuli into rehabilitation protocols and functional assessments to reduce the risk of future injuries. This thesis is a narrative literature review aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of dual-task integration in both rehabilitation protocols and return-to-sport (RTS) assessment criteria. The literature search was conducted across three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and led to the selection of five studies, including experimental designs, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews. The results show that dual-task exercises significantly alter the biomechanics of athletes after ACL reconstruction, changes that are not detectable under standard testing conditions. Therefore, integrating dual-task components into rehabilitation and functional testing appears essential to minimize the risk of reinjury and promote a safer, more complete return to sport.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23769