The concept of “Executive Functions” was first introduced by the American neuropsychologist Muriel Lezak in 1983 to describe that set of mental abilities that allow the individual to organize, plan and direct their behavior in an autonomous, flexible and purposeful way, adapting effectively to the demands of the environment. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of stimulating and enhancing these functions through specific activities that integrate cognitive and motor components, through the application of the Cognitive Motricity protocol (Benso method). This protocol was designed to stimulate the attentional-executive system and working memory, considered “transversal” systems and superordinate to all learning, be it cognitive or motor. The approach is based on the hypothesis that movement, both large and fine, when associated with specific cognitive tasks, can favor the development of complex neural networks, thus representing a privileged channel for the enhancement of attentional-executive abilities. The study involved a sample of three children (2 boys and 1 girl) with a mean age of 5.6 years. The participants followed an intervention program lasting six months, with a frequency of 2 weekly meetings lasting approximately 45 minutes each. The proposed activities, designed to simultaneously stimulate cognitive processes and motor skills, aimed at the reinforcement of attention, working memory, inhibition capacity, cognitive flexibility and strategic planning. The evaluation was conducted using standardized tools, applied at two distinct times (T0 and T1), in order to detect any changes in executive functions. The results that emerged, while considering the limited sample size, stand overall in support of the initial hypothesis, emphasizing the value of cognitive motor skills as an innovative resource for the intervention of the Neuro and Psychomotor Therapist of the Evolutionary Age. At the same time, the reduced sample size highlights the need for further research, conducted on larger populations, to consolidate preliminary evidence and expand the application potential of the method.
Il concetto di “Funzioni Esecutive” è stato introdotto per la prima volta dalla neuropsicologa americana Muriel Lezak nel 1983 per descrivere quell’insieme di capacità mentali che consentono all’individuo di organizzare, pianificare e dirigere il proprio comportamento in modo autonomo, flessibile e finalizzato, adattandosi in maniera efficace alle richieste dell’ambiente. Il presente studio si propone di indagare la possibilità di stimolare e potenziare tali funzioni attraverso attività specifiche che integrano componenti cognitive e motorie, attraverso l’applicazione del protocollo di Motricità Cognitiva (metodo Benso). Questo protocollo è stato pensato per sollecitare il sistema attentivo-esecutivo e la memoria di lavoro, considerati sistemi “trasversali” e sovraordinati a tutti gli apprendimenti, siano essi cognitivi o motori. L’approccio si fonda sull’ipotesi che il movimento, sia grosso che fine, se associato a compiti cognitivi specifici, possa favorire lo sviluppo di reti neurali complesse, rappresentando così un canale privilegiato per il potenziamento delle capacità attentivo-esecutive. Lo studio ha coinvolto un campione di tre bambini (2 maschi e 1 femmina) con un’età media di 5,6 anni. I partecipanti hanno seguito un programma di intervento della durata di sei mesi, con una frequenza di 2 incontri settimanali della durata di circa 45 minuti ciascuno. Le attività proposte, progettate per stimolare simultaneamente processi cognitivi e competenze motorie, hanno mirato al rinforzo dell’attenzione, della memoria di lavoro, della capacità di inibizione, della flessibilità cognitiva e della pianificazione strategica. La valutazione è stata condotta tramite strumenti standardizzati, applicati in due momenti distinti (T0 e T1), al fine di rilevare eventuali cambiamenti nelle funzioni esecutive. I risultati emersi, pur considerando la limitata numerosità del campione, si collocano complessivamente a sostegno dell’ipotesi iniziale, sottolineando il valore della motricità cognitiva quale risorsa innovativa per l’intervento del Terapista della Neuro e Psicomotricità dell’Età Evolutiva. Al contempo, la ridotta dimensione del campione evidenzia la necessità di ulteriori ricerche, condotte su popolazioni più ampie, per consolidare le evidenze preliminari e ampliare le potenzialità applicative del metodo.
Potenziamento delle funzioni esecutive nella pratica neuropsicomotoria attraverso la motricità cognitiva: uno studio sperimentale su tre casi clinici di età prescolare
RACCICHINI, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
The concept of “Executive Functions” was first introduced by the American neuropsychologist Muriel Lezak in 1983 to describe that set of mental abilities that allow the individual to organize, plan and direct their behavior in an autonomous, flexible and purposeful way, adapting effectively to the demands of the environment. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of stimulating and enhancing these functions through specific activities that integrate cognitive and motor components, through the application of the Cognitive Motricity protocol (Benso method). This protocol was designed to stimulate the attentional-executive system and working memory, considered “transversal” systems and superordinate to all learning, be it cognitive or motor. The approach is based on the hypothesis that movement, both large and fine, when associated with specific cognitive tasks, can favor the development of complex neural networks, thus representing a privileged channel for the enhancement of attentional-executive abilities. The study involved a sample of three children (2 boys and 1 girl) with a mean age of 5.6 years. The participants followed an intervention program lasting six months, with a frequency of 2 weekly meetings lasting approximately 45 minutes each. The proposed activities, designed to simultaneously stimulate cognitive processes and motor skills, aimed at the reinforcement of attention, working memory, inhibition capacity, cognitive flexibility and strategic planning. The evaluation was conducted using standardized tools, applied at two distinct times (T0 and T1), in order to detect any changes in executive functions. The results that emerged, while considering the limited sample size, stand overall in support of the initial hypothesis, emphasizing the value of cognitive motor skills as an innovative resource for the intervention of the Neuro and Psychomotor Therapist of the Evolutionary Age. At the same time, the reduced sample size highlights the need for further research, conducted on larger populations, to consolidate preliminary evidence and expand the application potential of the method.I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/23795