The progressive aging of the population represents one of the main challenges for the National Health Service (SSN), as it leads to an increase in chronic diseases and a growing demand for community-based care. This paper analyzes the evolution of the Italian healthcare system, starting from Law No. 833 of 1978, which established the SSN, up to the most recent reforms, including Ministerial Decree 77/2022 and the National Plan for Chronicity (2016). It highlights the transition from a predominantly hospital-centered model to one oriented toward proximity and the holistic care of the individual. Particular attention is given to the Marche Region, which, through Regional Law 19/2022 and the Regional Health and Social Plan 2023–2025, has initiated a reorganization process based on the creation of Territorial Health Agencies (ASTs), the implementation of Diagnostic–Therapeutic Care Pathways (PDTA), telemedicine, and the enhancement of the role of the family and community nurse. The paper also explores the role of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), particularly Mission 6, which promotes the establishment of Community Health Centers and Community Hospitals, Territorial Operations Centers, and the strengthening of home care, with the aim of ensuring equity of access, continuity of care, and system sustainability. The overall analysis highlights how strengthening community-based care, integrating health and social services, and utilizing digital technologies are fundamental elements for a modern healthcare system capable of effectively responding to citizens’ needs, particularly those of individuals with chronic conditions and frailties.
Il progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione rappresenta una delle principali sfide per il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), poiché comporta un incremento delle patologie croniche e una crescente domanda di assistenza territoriale. L’elaborato analizza l’evoluzione del sistema sanitario italiano, a partire dalla Legge n. 833 del 1978 che ha istituito il SSN, fino alle più recenti riforme, tra cui il Decreto Ministeriale 77/2022 e il Piano Nazionale della Cronicità (2016), evidenziando il passaggio da un modello prevalentemente ospedalocentrico a uno orientato alla prossimità e alla presa in carico olistica della persona. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla Regione Marche, che attraverso la L.R. 19/2022 e il Piano Socio Sanitario Regionale 2023-2025 ha avviato un processo di riorganizzazione basato sulla creazione delle Aziende Sanitarie Territoriali (AST), sull’implementazione dei Percorsi Diagnostico-Terapeutici Assistenziali (PDTA), sulla telemedicina e sulla valorizzazione della figura dell’infermiere di famiglia e di comunità. Viene inoltre approfondito il ruolo del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR), in particolare la Missione 6, che promuove la realizzazione di Case e Ospedali di Comunità, Centrali Operative Territoriali e il potenziamento dell’assistenza domiciliare, con l’obiettivo di garantire equità di accesso, continuità assistenziale e sostenibilità del sistema. L’analisi complessiva evidenzia come il rafforzamento dell’assistenza territoriale, l’integrazione tra servizi sanitari e sociali e l’utilizzo delle tecnologie digitali costituiscano elementi fondamentali per una sanità moderna, capace di rispondere efficacemente ai bisogni dei cittadini, in particolare delle persone affette da cronicità e fragilità.
L'assistenza territoriale nel Servizio Sanitario Nazionale: studio osservazionale retrospettivo sull'attuazione del DM 77/2022 e del PNRR
GIORGINI, RICCARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
The progressive aging of the population represents one of the main challenges for the National Health Service (SSN), as it leads to an increase in chronic diseases and a growing demand for community-based care. This paper analyzes the evolution of the Italian healthcare system, starting from Law No. 833 of 1978, which established the SSN, up to the most recent reforms, including Ministerial Decree 77/2022 and the National Plan for Chronicity (2016). It highlights the transition from a predominantly hospital-centered model to one oriented toward proximity and the holistic care of the individual. Particular attention is given to the Marche Region, which, through Regional Law 19/2022 and the Regional Health and Social Plan 2023–2025, has initiated a reorganization process based on the creation of Territorial Health Agencies (ASTs), the implementation of Diagnostic–Therapeutic Care Pathways (PDTA), telemedicine, and the enhancement of the role of the family and community nurse. The paper also explores the role of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), particularly Mission 6, which promotes the establishment of Community Health Centers and Community Hospitals, Territorial Operations Centers, and the strengthening of home care, with the aim of ensuring equity of access, continuity of care, and system sustainability. The overall analysis highlights how strengthening community-based care, integrating health and social services, and utilizing digital technologies are fundamental elements for a modern healthcare system capable of effectively responding to citizens’ needs, particularly those of individuals with chronic conditions and frailties.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24027