Introduction. Work-related stress is recognized by the WHO as an occupational syndrome (ICD-11). In nurses, especially in mental health services, exposure to stressors is high due to clinical complexity, emotional load, and continuous shift rotation. The aim of this study is to assess levels of work-related stress among nurses in the Mental Health Department (DSM) of the Ancona Local Health Authority (AST), classify subjects according to Karasek’s profiles (High Strain, Active, Passive, Low Strain), and compare scores across settings with different operational intensity (12 h, 24 h, and mixed). Materials and methods. Quantitative descriptive observational study on a convenience sample of 81 nurses recruited between July and October 2025 in the Mental Health Department facilities of AST Ancona (CSM, SRR/SRT, SPDC). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) reduced 29-item version was used, based on the Job Demand–Control–Support model by Karasek. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Median scores for Job Demand (2.56) and Decision Latitude (3.00) were used as cut-offs for the classification of work profiles. Social Support was calculated as a mean score and then dichotomized into high/low based on the median, to identify iso-strain cases (High Strain profile combined with low support). Results. Mean scores were: JD = 2.64; DL = 2.94; SS = 3.05. Profile distribution was: Passive 40%, Active 23%, High Strain 20%, Low Strain 17%. Iso-strain cases represented 8.6% of the sample. In 24 h settings, Passive profiles were prevalent (19/40), often with low SS; in 12 h settings, profiles were more balanced and perceived support was generally higher. Analysis and discussion. The sample shows intermediate levels of demand and control, and good perceived support. The predominance of Passive profiles indicates a widespread perception of low control, more marked in 24 h contexts. Social support emerges as a protective factor able to mitigate the impact of high demands or limited autonomy. Conclusion. Perceived stress does not derive only from workload intensity but mainly from decision-making autonomy and the quality of professional relationships. In 24 h settings, action is needed on staffing levels, interruption management, and team supervision to improve autonomy and cohesion. Periodic monitoring with validated tools such as the JCQ can support the prevention of psychosocial risk. Keywords: Work-related stress; Psychiatric nursing; Burnout; Job Content Questionnaire; Karasek model; Mental health
Introduzione. Lo stress lavoro-correlato è riconosciuto dall’OMS come sindrome occupazionale (ICD-11). Negli infermieri, in particolare nei servizi di salute mentale, l’esposizione a fattori stressogeni è elevata per la complessità assistenziale, il carico emotivo e la turnazione continua. Obiettivo dello studio è valutare i livelli di stress lavorocorrelato negli infermieri del Dipartimento di Salute Mentale (DSM) dell’AST di Ancona, classificando i soggetti secondo i profili di Karasek (High Strain, Active, Passive, Low Strain) e confrontando i punteggi tra setting con diversa intensità operativa (H12, H24 e misto). Materiali e metodi. Studio osservazionale descrittivo di tipo quantitativo, condotto su un campione di 81 infermieri reclutati per convenienza tra luglio e ottobre 2025 nelle strutture del Dipartimento di Salute Mentale dell’AST Ancona (CSM, SRR/SRT, SPDC). È stato utilizzato il Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) nella versione ridotta a 29 item, basato sul modello Job Demand–Control–Support di Karasek. L’analisi è stata effettuata tramite statistiche descrittive. Le mediane dei punteggi di Job Demand (2,56) e Decision Latitude (3,00) sono state impiegate come soglie per la classificazione dei profili lavorativi. Il Supporto Sociale è stato calcolato come valore medio e successivamente dicotomizzato in alto/basso in base alla mediana, per identificare i casi di iso-strain (profilo High Strain associato a basso supporto). Risultati. I punteggi medi sono: JD = 2,64; DL = 2,94; SS = 3,05. La distribuzione dei profili mostra: Passive 40%, Active 23%, High Strain 20%, Low Strain 17%. I casi di isostrain rappresentano l’8,6% del campione. Nei setting H24 prevalgono i profili Passive (19/40), spesso con basso SS; negli H12 i profili risultano più equilibrati e il supporto mediamente più elevato. Analisi e discussione. Il campione presenta livelli intermedi di domanda e controllo e un buon supporto percepito. Il predominio di profili Passive indica una diffusa percezione di scarso controllo, più marcata nei contesti H24. Il supporto sociale emerge come fattore protettivo, capace di mitigare l’impatto delle richieste elevate o dell’autonomia limitata. Conclusione. Lo stress percepito non deriva solo dall’intensità del lavoro, ma soprattutto dal livello di autonomia decisionale e dalla qualità delle relazioni professionali. Nei setting H24 è opportuno intervenire su staffing, interruzioni e supervisione d’équipe per migliorare autonomia e coesione. Il monitoraggio periodico con strumenti validati come il JCQ può supportare la prevenzione del rischio psicosociale. Parole chiave: “Work-related stress”, “Psychiatric nursing”, “Burnout”, “Job Content Questionnaire”, “Karasek model”, “Mental Health”
Lo stress lavoro-correlato negli infermieri del Dipartimento di Salute Mentale dell’AST Ancona: uno studio osservazionale descrittivo
MASSICCI, LAURA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction. Work-related stress is recognized by the WHO as an occupational syndrome (ICD-11). In nurses, especially in mental health services, exposure to stressors is high due to clinical complexity, emotional load, and continuous shift rotation. The aim of this study is to assess levels of work-related stress among nurses in the Mental Health Department (DSM) of the Ancona Local Health Authority (AST), classify subjects according to Karasek’s profiles (High Strain, Active, Passive, Low Strain), and compare scores across settings with different operational intensity (12 h, 24 h, and mixed). Materials and methods. Quantitative descriptive observational study on a convenience sample of 81 nurses recruited between July and October 2025 in the Mental Health Department facilities of AST Ancona (CSM, SRR/SRT, SPDC). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) reduced 29-item version was used, based on the Job Demand–Control–Support model by Karasek. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Median scores for Job Demand (2.56) and Decision Latitude (3.00) were used as cut-offs for the classification of work profiles. Social Support was calculated as a mean score and then dichotomized into high/low based on the median, to identify iso-strain cases (High Strain profile combined with low support). Results. Mean scores were: JD = 2.64; DL = 2.94; SS = 3.05. Profile distribution was: Passive 40%, Active 23%, High Strain 20%, Low Strain 17%. Iso-strain cases represented 8.6% of the sample. In 24 h settings, Passive profiles were prevalent (19/40), often with low SS; in 12 h settings, profiles were more balanced and perceived support was generally higher. Analysis and discussion. The sample shows intermediate levels of demand and control, and good perceived support. The predominance of Passive profiles indicates a widespread perception of low control, more marked in 24 h contexts. Social support emerges as a protective factor able to mitigate the impact of high demands or limited autonomy. Conclusion. Perceived stress does not derive only from workload intensity but mainly from decision-making autonomy and the quality of professional relationships. In 24 h settings, action is needed on staffing levels, interruption management, and team supervision to improve autonomy and cohesion. Periodic monitoring with validated tools such as the JCQ can support the prevention of psychosocial risk. Keywords: Work-related stress; Psychiatric nursing; Burnout; Job Content Questionnaire; Karasek model; Mental health| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24032