Introduction: Violence against healthcare workers represents a growing phenomenon and a significant public health issue, negatively affecting the physical and psychological well-being of professionals, the quality of care, and the overall effectiveness of healthcare services. In Italy, data collected by the National Observatory on the Safety of Healthcare and Social Healthcare Professionals (ONSEPS) show that 21,876 workers have been involved in violent incidents, with nurses being the most affected category, accounting for 69% of cases. However, as highlighted in the literature, difficulties in reporting these episodes persist, as they are often perceived as ordinary events within the work environment and/or because many workers are unaware of the proper reporting procedures. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of assaults and violence against healthcare staff within the Territorial Health Authority (AST) of Ancona, through the evaluation of the reports submitted to the Prevention and Protection Service (SPP) during 2024. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of 62 healthcare and non-healthcare workers who reported incidents of aggression using the official reporting form. Data collected between January and December 2024 were analyzed through descriptive statistics, focusing on key socio-demographic variables, type of aggression, context, and time of occurrence. Results: During 2024, a total of 62 reports were submitted from the AST of Ancona. The findings show that 72.58% of the victims were female, and nurses represented the most affected professional group (56.45%). The facility with the highest number of reports was Fabriano (33.87%), while the Department of Mental Health recorded the greatest number of aggressive episodes, particularly within the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care Unit (SPDC), accounting for 17.74%. Most aggressions were verbal (88.71%) and perpetrated by patients (64.52%), followed by family members or companions (14.52%). The main causes identified were long waiting times and communication perceived as inadequate. Discussion: The results confirm what has been reported in the literature: healthcare workers, especially nurses, are the category most exposed to violence, particularly in emergency and psychiatric departments. The prevalence of verbal episodes and the limited willingness to report them highlight the need for greater cultural awareness, training in aggression management, and shared protocols to protect personnel. Conclusions: This study highlights how reporting represents a fundamental tool for understanding and addressing the phenomenon of violence in healthcare settings. It is necessary to promote targeted institutional policies, provide adequate psychological support to victims, and ensure continuous training for workers, in order to prevent and effectively manage aggressive incidents, also through the use of de-escalation techniques and ongoing education programs. Keywords: “Violence,” “Aggression,” “Healthcare workers,” “Nurses,” “Reporting.”
Introduzione: La violenza nei confronti degli operatori sanitari rappresenta un fenomeno in costante aumento ed un rilevante problema di salute pubblica, che influisce negativamente sul benessere psicofisico dei professionisti, sulla qualità delle cure e sull’efficacia dei servizi sanitari. In Italia, i dati raccolti dall’Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Sicurezza degli Esercenti le Professioni Sanitarie e Sociosanitarie (ONSEPS), evidenziano che 21.876 operatori sono stati coinvolti in episodi di violenza e gli operatori sanitari maggiormente coinvolti in episodi di aggressione sono gli Infermieri con una percentuale del 69%. Tuttavia, come emerge in letteratura, persistono difficoltà nella segnalazione di questi episodi, perché spesso vengono percepiti come eventi ordinari del contesto lavorativo e/o perché molti degli operatori non sono a conoscenza delle giuste modalità di segnalazioni. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo dello studio è quello di analizzare il fenomeno delle aggressioni e violenze ai danni del personale sanitario dell’Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) di Ancona, attraverso la valutazione delle segnalazioni pervenute al Servizio Prevenzione e Protezione (SPP) nel corso del 2024. Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo su un campione di 62 operatori sanitari e non, che hanno segnalato episodi di aggressione tramite il modulo di denuncia. I dati, raccolti tra gennaio e dicembre 2024, sono stati analizzati mediante statistiche descrittive relative alle principali variabili socio-demografiche, alla tipologia di aggressione, al contesto e all’orario dell’evento. Risultati: Nel corso dell’anno 2024 ci sono state 62 segnalazioni dall’AST di Ancona. È emerso che il 72,58% delle vittime è di sesso femminile e la categoria più colpita è quella infermieristica (56,45%). La sede con più segnalazioni è quella di Fabriano al 33,87%, mentre il Dipartimento di Salute Mentale registra un numero maggiore di episodi aggressivi, soprattutto provenienti dal Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC) con un valore del 17,74%. Le aggressioni sono perlopiù verbali (88,71%) e compiute da pazienti (64,52%), seguite da familiari o accompagnatori (14,52%), mentre le cause principali risultano essere i lunghi tempi di attesa e una comunicazione percepita come inadeguata. Discussione: I risultati confermano quanto riportato in letteratura: gli operatori sanitari, in particolare gli infermieri, sono la categoria più esposta alla violenza, specialmente nei reparti di emergenza e psichiatria. La prevalenza di episodi verbali e la scarsa volontà alla segnalazione evidenziano la necessità di una maggiore sensibilizzazione culturale, di formazione alla gestione dell’aggressività e di protocolli condivisi per la tutela del personale. Conclusioni: Lo studio evidenzia come la segnalazione rappresenti uno strumento fondamentale per comprendere e contrastare il fenomeno della violenza in ambito sanitario. È necessario promuovere politiche istituzionali mirate, un adeguato supporto psicologico alle vittime ed una formazione continua degli operatori, per prevenire e gestire efficacemente gli episodi di aggressione anche con l’utilizzo di tecniche di de-escalation e programmi di aggiornamento. Parole chiave: “Violenza”, “Aggressioni”, “Operatori sanitari”, “Infermieri”, “Segnalazione”.
La segnalazione degli episodi di violenza contro gli operatori sanitari: uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo nell'AST di Ancona
MAINARDI, CANDY
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Violence against healthcare workers represents a growing phenomenon and a significant public health issue, negatively affecting the physical and psychological well-being of professionals, the quality of care, and the overall effectiveness of healthcare services. In Italy, data collected by the National Observatory on the Safety of Healthcare and Social Healthcare Professionals (ONSEPS) show that 21,876 workers have been involved in violent incidents, with nurses being the most affected category, accounting for 69% of cases. However, as highlighted in the literature, difficulties in reporting these episodes persist, as they are often perceived as ordinary events within the work environment and/or because many workers are unaware of the proper reporting procedures. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of assaults and violence against healthcare staff within the Territorial Health Authority (AST) of Ancona, through the evaluation of the reports submitted to the Prevention and Protection Service (SPP) during 2024. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of 62 healthcare and non-healthcare workers who reported incidents of aggression using the official reporting form. Data collected between January and December 2024 were analyzed through descriptive statistics, focusing on key socio-demographic variables, type of aggression, context, and time of occurrence. Results: During 2024, a total of 62 reports were submitted from the AST of Ancona. The findings show that 72.58% of the victims were female, and nurses represented the most affected professional group (56.45%). The facility with the highest number of reports was Fabriano (33.87%), while the Department of Mental Health recorded the greatest number of aggressive episodes, particularly within the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care Unit (SPDC), accounting for 17.74%. Most aggressions were verbal (88.71%) and perpetrated by patients (64.52%), followed by family members or companions (14.52%). The main causes identified were long waiting times and communication perceived as inadequate. Discussion: The results confirm what has been reported in the literature: healthcare workers, especially nurses, are the category most exposed to violence, particularly in emergency and psychiatric departments. The prevalence of verbal episodes and the limited willingness to report them highlight the need for greater cultural awareness, training in aggression management, and shared protocols to protect personnel. Conclusions: This study highlights how reporting represents a fundamental tool for understanding and addressing the phenomenon of violence in healthcare settings. It is necessary to promote targeted institutional policies, provide adequate psychological support to victims, and ensure continuous training for workers, in order to prevent and effectively manage aggressive incidents, also through the use of de-escalation techniques and ongoing education programs. Keywords: “Violence,” “Aggression,” “Healthcare workers,” “Nurses,” “Reporting.”| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI CANDY DEFINITIVA.pdf
non disponibili
Descrizione: Tesi definitiva
Dimensione
672.82 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
672.82 kB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24049