INTRODUCTION: Eating Disorders (ED) represent one of the main health and social emergencies of adolescence. These complex conditions, caused by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, require a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. In this context, nurses play a fundamental role, as their constant presence, empathetic listening skills, and the trusting relationship established with the patient are key elements in the treatment process. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of nurses in caring for adolescents with EDs, identifying how nursing care can facilitate early diagnosis, therapeutic management, relational support, and the promotion of overall well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and MAG Online Library databases. Articles published between 2015 and 2025, available in full-text, and relevant to the nursing topic were included. A total of 19 studies were selected: 9 were used to build the theoretical framework and 10 were included in the review. The data were qualitatively analyzed and summarized based on the main thematic areas that emerged. RESULTS: The analysis identified four main areas: early diagnosis, therapeutic relationship, nutritional management, and a multidisciplinary approach. Nurses, thanks to their closeness to the patient, play a key role in early recognition of signs of distress, building therapeutic alliances, and promoting treatment adherence. Evidence also shows that meal supervision, health education, and family involvement are essential interventions for ensuring continuity of care and reducing the risk of relapse. DISCUSSION: The literature, while not explicitly citing Marjory Gordon's Functional Models of Health, highlights an approach consistent with their principles, oriented toward comprehensive assessment of needs and planning personalized, person-centered interventions. However, methodological differences persist between studies and a lack of standardization of tools for assessing care outcomes. The results confirm the central role of nurses in the management of eating disorders, both as clinical figures and as relational references, underscoring the need for further studies aimed at validating structured and shared care models. KEYWORDS: Eating disorders; adolescence; nursing role; early diagnosis; therapeutic relationship; holistic care; literature review.
INTRODUZIONE: I disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA) rappresentano una delle principali emergenze sanitarie e sociali dell’età adolescenziale. Si tratta di patologie complesse, determinate dall’interazione di fattori biologici, psicologici e socioculturali, che richiedono un approccio terapeutico multidisciplinare. In questo contesto, l’infermiere riveste un ruolo fondamentale, poiché la sua presenza costante, la capacità di ascolto empatico e la relazione di fiducia instaurata con il paziente rappresentano elementi cardine nel percorso di cura. OBIETTIVI: Scopo della revisione è analizzare il ruolo dell’infermiere nella presa in carico degli adolescenti affetti da DCA, individuando come l’assistenza infermieristica possa favorire la diagnosi precoce, la gestione terapeutica, il sostegno relazionale e la promozione del benessere globale. MATERIALI E METODI: È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura consultando le banche dati PubMed, Google Scholar e MAG Online Library. Sono stati inclusi articoli pubblicati tra il 2015 e il 2025, disponibili in full-text e pertinenti al tema infermieristico. Complessivamente sono stati selezionati 19 studi: 9 utilizzati per la costruzione del quadro teorico e 10 inclusi nella revisione. I dati sono stati analizzati qualitativamente e sintetizzati in base alle principali aree tematiche emerse. RISULTATI: Dall’analisi emergono quattro aree principali: diagnosi precoce, relazione terapeutica, gestione nutrizionale e approccio multidisciplinare. Gli infermieri, grazie alla loro prossimità con il paziente, svolgono un ruolo chiave nel riconoscere precocemente i segnali di disagio, nel costruire alleanze terapeutiche e nel favorire l’aderenza ai trattamenti. Le evidenze mostrano inoltre che la supervisione dei pasti, l’educazione sanitaria e il coinvolgimento della famiglia sono interventi fondamentali per garantire continuità assistenziale e ridurre il rischio di ricadute. DISCUSSIONE: La letteratura, pur non citando esplicitamente i Modelli Funzionali di Salute di Marjory Gordon, evidenzia un approccio coerente con i loro principi, orientato alla valutazione globale dei bisogni e alla pianificazione di interventi personalizzati e centrati sulla persona. Permangono tuttavia differenze metodologiche tra gli studi e una scarsa standardizzazione degli strumenti di valutazione degli esiti assistenziali. I risultati confermano la centralità dell’infermiere nella gestione dei DCA, sia come figura clinica che come riferimento relazionale, sottolineando la necessità di ulteriori studi volti a validare modelli assistenziali strutturati e condivisi. PAROLE CHIAVE: Eating disorders; adolescence; nursing role; early diagnosis; therapeutic relationship; holistic care; literature review.
I disturbi del comportamento alimentare in età adolescenziale: il ruolo dell’infermiere tra ascolto, relazione ed assistenza. Una revisione sistematica della letteratura
LA BECCA, AURORA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Eating Disorders (ED) represent one of the main health and social emergencies of adolescence. These complex conditions, caused by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, require a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. In this context, nurses play a fundamental role, as their constant presence, empathetic listening skills, and the trusting relationship established with the patient are key elements in the treatment process. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of nurses in caring for adolescents with EDs, identifying how nursing care can facilitate early diagnosis, therapeutic management, relational support, and the promotion of overall well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and MAG Online Library databases. Articles published between 2015 and 2025, available in full-text, and relevant to the nursing topic were included. A total of 19 studies were selected: 9 were used to build the theoretical framework and 10 were included in the review. The data were qualitatively analyzed and summarized based on the main thematic areas that emerged. RESULTS: The analysis identified four main areas: early diagnosis, therapeutic relationship, nutritional management, and a multidisciplinary approach. Nurses, thanks to their closeness to the patient, play a key role in early recognition of signs of distress, building therapeutic alliances, and promoting treatment adherence. Evidence also shows that meal supervision, health education, and family involvement are essential interventions for ensuring continuity of care and reducing the risk of relapse. DISCUSSION: The literature, while not explicitly citing Marjory Gordon's Functional Models of Health, highlights an approach consistent with their principles, oriented toward comprehensive assessment of needs and planning personalized, person-centered interventions. However, methodological differences persist between studies and a lack of standardization of tools for assessing care outcomes. The results confirm the central role of nurses in the management of eating disorders, both as clinical figures and as relational references, underscoring the need for further studies aimed at validating structured and shared care models. KEYWORDS: Eating disorders; adolescence; nursing role; early diagnosis; therapeutic relationship; holistic care; literature review.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24073