This thesis focuses on the topic of eating disorders, which represent complex syndromic conditions through which various forms of severe and profound psychological distress are expressed. The same individual may experience different clinical presentations over time, ranging from anorexia to bulimia, and even to binge eating disorder. Once considered rare, eating and feeding disorders have, since the 1970s, spread alarmingly throughout industrialized societies — not only due to the increasing number of cases, but also because of the severity of the clinical profiles and their prevalence among young people. These are difficult and lengthy conditions to treat and, in many cases, may become chronic, leading to serious psychological and physical disabilities. Their etiology appears highly complex and can only be understood through a multifactorial perspective that considers biological, psychological, and social aspects. It is important to emphasize that these disorders, beyond their symptomatic manifestations, are signs of profound psychological suffering whose developmental origins are still far from being fully understood, but which have roots in very early stages of life. Adolescence creates the conditions that favor the clinical manifestation of these disorders, as it represents the period during which potential developmental deficits become more pronounced. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter focuses on the nosographic classification of eating disorders according to the DSM-5. In particular, it describes the essential features necessary to diagnose anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It also explores the etiology of these disorders, highlighting the interplay of multiple factors, while emphasizing the undeniable role of cultural and social influences. The second chapter pays particular attention to dysfunctional relationships and to experiences of emotional neglect, abuse, or maltreatment that a child may experience during childhood—experiences that prevent them from understanding and naming their emotions, which therefore lack symbolic representation. This section also focuses on a dynamic understanding of the disorders, considering the roles of affective dysregulation, dissociation, and shame. More specifically, it can be stated that food represents one of the key psychological organizers of life, serving multiple functions, including that of a container for emotional elements and patterns of interaction which, from early infancy, form the central nuclei for the structuring and definition of identity. The third and final chapter describes the educational project carried out at the residential facility Villa Oasi.
Il presente elaborato di tesi tratta il tema dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare, i quali rappresentano complessi quadri sindromici attraverso cui si esprimono condizioni diverse di sofferenza psichica grave e profonda. Lo stesso soggetto può attraversare nel tempo quadri clinici diversi: dall’anoressia alla bulimia, fino al disturbo da alimentazione incontrollata. I disturbi dell’alimentazione e della nutrizione, un tempo rari, dagli anni Settanta in poi si sono diffusi nel mondo industrializzato in modo preoccupante non solo per la numerosità dei casi, ma anche per la gravità dei quadri clinici e perché colpiscono in prevalenza la popolazione giovanile. Sono patologie difficili e lunghe da curare, che in molti casi possono divenire croniche, producendo gravi inabilità psichiche e fisiche. La loro eziologia appare molto complessa, e non può essere definita se non attraverso una dimensione multifattoriale, che tenga conto degli aspetti bio-psico-sociali. È importante sottolineare che queste patologie, al di là della rappresentazione sintomatica, sono il segno di una grave sofferenza psichica che con molta probabilità ha una genesi evolutiva ancora lontana dall’essere definita, ma che ha le sue radici in epoche della vita assai precoci. L’adolescenza produce la condizione favorente la manifestazione clinica, poiché rappresenta il momento in cui i possibili deficit evolutivi si acuiscono. L’elaborato si divide in tre parti: il primo capitolo fa riferimento all’inquadramento nosografico dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare secondo il DSM-5. In particolare, vengono descritti le caratteristiche essenziali per poter giungere ad una diagnosi di anoressia nervosa e bulimia nervosa. Inoltre, si focalizza sull’eziologia del disturbo, sottolineando come entrino in gioco molteplici fattori, ma come indiscutibile rimanga il ruolo delle influenze culturali e sociali. Il secondo capitolo pone particolare attenzione alle relazioni disfunzionali, ad esperienze di trascuratezza emotiva, abuso, o maltrattamento che il bambino vive durante l’infanzia e che non gli permettono di comprendere e dare un senso, un nome a ciò che provano, le emozioni mancano di rappresentazione simbolica. Inoltre, in questa prima parte ci si focalizza sulla comprensione dinamica, prendendo in considerazione il ruolo svolto dalla disgregolazione affettiva, dalla dissociazione e dalla vergogna. In modo particolare, è possibile affermare che il cibo è uno degli organizzatori psicologici importanti della vita, il quale svolge diverse funzioni tra cui anche quello di contenitore di elementi emotivi e di schemi di interazione che, fin dalla primissima infanzia, rappresentano dei nuclei centrali per la strutturazione e la definizione dell’identità. Il terzo ed ultimo capitolo descrive il progetto educativo realizzato presso la struttura residenziale villa Oasi.
Famiglia e disturbi alimentari. Evidenze empiriche.
TITTARELLI, YLENIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis focuses on the topic of eating disorders, which represent complex syndromic conditions through which various forms of severe and profound psychological distress are expressed. The same individual may experience different clinical presentations over time, ranging from anorexia to bulimia, and even to binge eating disorder. Once considered rare, eating and feeding disorders have, since the 1970s, spread alarmingly throughout industrialized societies — not only due to the increasing number of cases, but also because of the severity of the clinical profiles and their prevalence among young people. These are difficult and lengthy conditions to treat and, in many cases, may become chronic, leading to serious psychological and physical disabilities. Their etiology appears highly complex and can only be understood through a multifactorial perspective that considers biological, psychological, and social aspects. It is important to emphasize that these disorders, beyond their symptomatic manifestations, are signs of profound psychological suffering whose developmental origins are still far from being fully understood, but which have roots in very early stages of life. Adolescence creates the conditions that favor the clinical manifestation of these disorders, as it represents the period during which potential developmental deficits become more pronounced. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter focuses on the nosographic classification of eating disorders according to the DSM-5. In particular, it describes the essential features necessary to diagnose anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It also explores the etiology of these disorders, highlighting the interplay of multiple factors, while emphasizing the undeniable role of cultural and social influences. The second chapter pays particular attention to dysfunctional relationships and to experiences of emotional neglect, abuse, or maltreatment that a child may experience during childhood—experiences that prevent them from understanding and naming their emotions, which therefore lack symbolic representation. This section also focuses on a dynamic understanding of the disorders, considering the roles of affective dysregulation, dissociation, and shame. More specifically, it can be stated that food represents one of the key psychological organizers of life, serving multiple functions, including that of a container for emotional elements and patterns of interaction which, from early infancy, form the central nuclei for the structuring and definition of identity. The third and final chapter describes the educational project carried out at the residential facility Villa Oasi.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24096