INTRODUCTION: Dementias are progressive neurocognitive disorders that involve impairment of cognitive functions. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is the most common form, with a significant impact on the patient's behavior and cognitive abilities (Wilbur, 2023). To date, there are no definitive cures, only symptomatic treatments (Italian Society of Neurology, 2025). A key figure in the care pathway is the caregiver, who takes care of both the patient's ADLs and IADLs. In Italy, there are over 7 million family caregivers, who are often subject to a high physical, psychological, and economic burden, known as “caregiver burden” (Swartz & Collins, 2019). The aim of the study is to analyze the burnout perceived by caregivers of patients with dementia, evaluating care methods and the impact on their daily lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dementia Clinic of the Neurology Unit of the “Madonna del Soccorso” Hospital (AST of Ascoli Piceno) between March 11 and August 26, 2025. The questionnaire used included three sections: socio-demographic data of the patient, the caregiver, and the CBI test. Data management complied with the GDPR (EU Regulation 2016/679) and current Italian legislation. RESULTS: The sample of 100 caregivers showed an average patient age of 81 years, predominantly female (67%), with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's in 70% of cases, an average of 3 concomitant diseases, and 5 daily medications. Caregivers were 75% women, particularly daughters (52%), with an average age of 60 years and 20% with comorbidities. The CBI detected a high burden, positively correlated with the number of caregiver conditions (ρ = 0.23; p = 0.017) and the clinical complexity of the patient (ρ = 0.35; p < 0.001). ANALYSIS: A descriptive analysis was performed using mean (M), standard deviation (SD), frequencies (n, %), and correlations (Spearman's coefficient ρ and Pearson's coefficient r). A one-way ANOVA test was used for group comparisons (significance p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Alzheimer's disease is confirmed as the main form of dementia, often associated with comorbidity and polypharmacy. The burden of care weighs more heavily on female caregivers, with repercussions on their personal well-being. The CBI confirmed a high burden, influenced by the caregiver's health status and the patient's severity. At the legislative level, the Budget Laws from 2018 to 2025 introduced support measures, which are still fragmented, with the hope of uniform recognition on a national scale. KEYWORDS: “Alzheimer disease”, “Dementia types”, “Frontotemporal dementia”, “Dementia with Lewy bodies”, “Caregiver activities”, “Caregiver burden/burnout”, “Nursing care”.
INTRODUZIONE: Le demenze rappresentano disturbi neurocognitivi progressivi che comportano una compromissione delle funzioni cognitive. Tra queste, il morbo di Alzheimer è la forma più diffusa, con un impatto significativo sul comportamento e sulle capacità cognitive del paziente (Wilbur, 2023). Ad oggi non esistono cure risolutive, ma solo trattamenti sintomatici (Società Italiana di Neurologia, 2025). Figura chiave nel percorso assistenziale è il caregiver, che si occupa sia delle ADL che delle IADL del paziente. In Italia si contano oltre 7 milioni di caregiver familiari, spesso soggetti a un elevato carico fisico, psicologico ed economico, definito “caregiver burden” (Swartz & Collins, 2019). L’ obiettivo dello studio è andare ad analizzare il burnout percepito dai caregiver di pazienti con demenza, valutando modalità assistenziali e impatto sulla loro vita quotidiana. MATERIALI E METODI: È stato condotto uno studio trasversale monocentrico presso l’Ambulatorio delle Demenze dell’U.O.C. di Neurologia dell’Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso” (AST di Ascoli Piceno), tra l’11 marzo e il 26 agosto 2025. Il questionario utilizzato comprendeva tre sezioni: dati socio-anagrafici del paziente, del caregiver e il test CBI. La gestione dei dati ha rispettato il GDPR (Regolamento UE 2016/679) e la normativa italiana vigente. RISULTATI: Il campione di 100 caregiver ha mostrato un’età media dei pazienti pari a 81 anni, prevalentemente donne (67%), con diagnosi di Alzheimer nel 70% dei casi, una media di 3 patologie concomitanti e 5 farmaci giornalieri. I caregiver erano per il 75% donne, in particolare figlie (52%), con età media di 60 anni e il 20% con comorbilità. Il CBI ha rilevato un burden elevato, correlato positivamente al numero di patologie del caregiver (ρ = 0,23; p = 0,017) e alla complessità clinica del paziente (ρ = 0,35; p < 0,001). ANALISI: È stata condotta un’analisi descrittiva tramite media (M), deviazione standard (DS), frequenze (n, %) e correlazioni (coefficiente di Spearman ρ e Pearson r). Per il confronto tra gruppi è stato utilizzato il test ANOVA a una via (significatività p < 0,05). DISCUSSIONE: Il morbo di Alzheimer si conferma come la principale forma di demenza, spesso associata a comorbilità e politerapia. Il carico assistenziale grava maggiormente su caregiver di sesso femminile, con ripercussioni sul benessere personale. Il CBI ha confermato un burden elevato, influenzato dallo stato di salute del caregiver e dalla gravità del paziente. A livello legislativo, le Leggi di Bilancio dal 2018 al 2025 hanno introdotto misure di supporto, ancora frammentarie, auspicando un riconoscimento uniforme su scala nazionale. KEYWORDS: “Alzheimer disease”, “Dementia types”, “Frontotemporal dementia”, “Dementia with Lewy bodies”, “Caregiver activities”, “Caregiver burden/burnout”, “Nursing care”.
Il fenomeno del caregiver burden nelle demenze: uno studio trasversale nell'AST di Ascoli Piceno
ACCIARRI, MICHELA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dementias are progressive neurocognitive disorders that involve impairment of cognitive functions. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is the most common form, with a significant impact on the patient's behavior and cognitive abilities (Wilbur, 2023). To date, there are no definitive cures, only symptomatic treatments (Italian Society of Neurology, 2025). A key figure in the care pathway is the caregiver, who takes care of both the patient's ADLs and IADLs. In Italy, there are over 7 million family caregivers, who are often subject to a high physical, psychological, and economic burden, known as “caregiver burden” (Swartz & Collins, 2019). The aim of the study is to analyze the burnout perceived by caregivers of patients with dementia, evaluating care methods and the impact on their daily lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dementia Clinic of the Neurology Unit of the “Madonna del Soccorso” Hospital (AST of Ascoli Piceno) between March 11 and August 26, 2025. The questionnaire used included three sections: socio-demographic data of the patient, the caregiver, and the CBI test. Data management complied with the GDPR (EU Regulation 2016/679) and current Italian legislation. RESULTS: The sample of 100 caregivers showed an average patient age of 81 years, predominantly female (67%), with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's in 70% of cases, an average of 3 concomitant diseases, and 5 daily medications. Caregivers were 75% women, particularly daughters (52%), with an average age of 60 years and 20% with comorbidities. The CBI detected a high burden, positively correlated with the number of caregiver conditions (ρ = 0.23; p = 0.017) and the clinical complexity of the patient (ρ = 0.35; p < 0.001). ANALYSIS: A descriptive analysis was performed using mean (M), standard deviation (SD), frequencies (n, %), and correlations (Spearman's coefficient ρ and Pearson's coefficient r). A one-way ANOVA test was used for group comparisons (significance p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Alzheimer's disease is confirmed as the main form of dementia, often associated with comorbidity and polypharmacy. The burden of care weighs more heavily on female caregivers, with repercussions on their personal well-being. The CBI confirmed a high burden, influenced by the caregiver's health status and the patient's severity. At the legislative level, the Budget Laws from 2018 to 2025 introduced support measures, which are still fragmented, with the hope of uniform recognition on a national scale. KEYWORDS: “Alzheimer disease”, “Dementia types”, “Frontotemporal dementia”, “Dementia with Lewy bodies”, “Caregiver activities”, “Caregiver burden/burnout”, “Nursing care”.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24185