INTRODUCTION: The coexistence of a mental disorder and a substance use disorder is defined as dual diagnosis and represents one of the most difficult challenges for public health. The combination of the two types of disorders causes a worsening of the prognosis and an increase in relapses and treatment difficulties. Various studies report that about half of patients with a mental disorder or addiction have developed either an addiction or a mental disorder at the same time. Nursing management of these individuals requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach focused on continuity of care that involves a transmural perspective between hospital and community (Fantuzzi & Mezzina, 2020; J. Swendsen et al., 2010). The aim of the study is to retrospectively analyze the clinical, care, and organizational complexity of patients with dual diagnosis, comparing the data collected with the main scientific evidence, highlighting the role of nurses in the management of a case report in the mental health setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study is based on the analysis of data relating to the hospitalization of patients with dual diagnosis at the Operational Unit (OU) of the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) of the “Madonna del Soccorso” hospital in San Benedetto del Tronto, affiliated with the Local Health Authority (AST) of Ascoli Piceno. Data collection was carried out over a period from June 1, 2021, to June 1, 2025, including all patients with dual diagnosis admitted during this period. A case report was also developed to investigate personalized care management and therapeutic continuity from a transmural perspective. RESULTS: The retrospective analysis showed that about half of the patients with dual diagnosis were admitted more than once over the five-year period, with an average length of stay of around 13.5 days, similar to the general psychiatric population, and a marked impairment of relational, family, and social areas. Furthermore, the most recurrent diagnoses associated with substance use were personality disorders 42%, mood disorders 14%, and psychotic disorders 33%. Most subjects showed poor therapeutic adherence and little willingness to cooperate. Clinical observation also showed that continuity of care and collaboration between hospital and community services promote greater adherence to treatment and a reduction in relapses. The case report confirms the effectiveness of individualized nursing intervention in improving the patient's clinical stability and autonomy. ANALYSIS: Data analysis was conducted through a primary descriptive phase and a secondary inferential phase. In the descriptive phase, the variables were analyzed based on their nature (qualitative and ordinal) and summarized using absolute frequencies (n) and percentages (%), using Microsoft Excel® software. A paired t-test was conducted to assess whether there were significant differences in the average length of stay between two groups of patients. DISCUSSIONS: The integrated and multidisciplinary approach, centered on the person and supported by the mental health nurse, is a key element in the management of dual diagnosis, where the transmural perspective ensures therapeutic continuity, psychosocial support, and a reduced risk of relapse. This evidence confirms the importance of implementing flexible and personalized care pathways that are capable of responding to the complex needs of patients, countering the stigma that still surrounds mental illness and addiction, and enhancing nursing skills in this setting.
INTRODUZIONE: La coesistenza di un disturbo mentale e un disturbo di abuso di sostanze viene definita come doppia diagnosi, rappresenta una delle sfide più difficili per la salute pubblica. L’incontro tra le due tipologie di disturbi provocando il peggioramento della prognosi, e un aumento delle ricadute e delle difficoltà di trattamento. Vari studi riportano che circa la metà dei pazienti con un disturbo mentale o con una dipendenza ha sviluppato in concomitanza o una dipendenza o un disturbo mentale. La gestione infermieristica di tali individui richiede un approccio globale, multidisciplinare con orientamento alla continuità assistenziale che coinvolge, in prospettiva transmurale, tra ospedale e territorio (Fantuzzi & Mezzina, 2020; J. Swendsen et al., 2010). L’obiettivo dello studio consiste nell’analizzare retrospettivamente la complessità clinica, assistenziale e organizzativa dei pazienti con doppia diagnosi, valorizzando il ruolo dell’infermiere nella gestione di un case report nel setting della salute mentale. MATERIALI E METODI: Lo studio, di tipo retrospettivo e descrittivo, si basa sull’analisi dei dati relativi ai ricoveri di pazienti con doppia diagnosi presso l’Unità Operativa (U.O.) del Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC) dell'ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso” di San Benedetto del Tronto, afferente all’Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) di Ascoli Piceno. La raccolta dei dati è stata effettuata in un arco temporale che va dal 1° giugno del 2021 al 1° giugno del 2025 includendo tutti i pazienti, con doppia diagnosi, ricoverati in questo periodo. È stato, inoltre, sviluppato un case report per approfondire la gestione assistenziale personalizzata e della continuità terapeutica in ottica transmurale. RISULTATI: Dall’analisi retrospettiva è emerso che, circa la metà dei pazienti con doppia diagnosi presentano più di un ricovero nell’arco dei cinque anni, una durata media di degenza intorno ai 13,5 giorni, affini alla popolazione psichiatrica generale e una marcata compromissione delle aree relazionali, familiari e sociali. Inoltre, le diagnosi che risultano essere più ricorrenti associate all’uso di sostanze sono i disturbi di personalità 42%, dell’umore 14% e psicotici 33%. La maggior parte dei soggetti ha mostrato scarsa adesione terapeutica e poca disponibilità alla collaborazione. L’osservazione clinica ha, inoltre, evidenziato che la continuità assistenziale e la collaborazione tra servizi ospedalieri e territoriali favoriscono una maggiore aderenza ai trattamenti e una riduzione delle recidive. Il case report conferma l’efficacia dell’intervento infermieristico individualizzato nel migliorare la stabilità clinica e l’autonomia del paziente. ANALISI: L’analisi dei dati è stata condotta attraverso una primaria fase descrittiva ed una secondaria fase inferenziale. Nella fase descrittiva, le variabili sono state analizzate in base alla natura delle variabili analizzate, qualitative e ordinali, sintetizzate mediante frequenze assolute (n.) e percentuali (%), sulla base del Software di Microsoft Excel®. È stata condotto il t-test per campioni accoppiati per valutare se esistano differenze significative nella durata media della degenza tra due gruppi di pazienti. DISCUSSIONI: L’approccio integrato e multidisciplinare rappresenta un elemento determinante nella gestione della doppia diagnosi, dove la prospettiva transmurale consente di garantire continuità terapeutica, supporto psico-sociale e riduzione del rischio di ricadute. Tali evidenze confermano l’importanza di realizzare percorsi assistenziali flessibili e personalizzati, capaci di rispondere ai bisogni complessi dei pazienti, di contrastare lo stigma che ancora accompagna la malattia mentale e le dipendenze e valorizzare le competenze infermieristiche in tale setting.
QUANDO LA SOSTANZA INCONTRA IL DISTURBO MENTALE: STUDIO RETROSPETTIVO E CASE REPORT IN OTTICA TRASMURALE
DI PIETRO, ANNA PIA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The coexistence of a mental disorder and a substance use disorder is defined as dual diagnosis and represents one of the most difficult challenges for public health. The combination of the two types of disorders causes a worsening of the prognosis and an increase in relapses and treatment difficulties. Various studies report that about half of patients with a mental disorder or addiction have developed either an addiction or a mental disorder at the same time. Nursing management of these individuals requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach focused on continuity of care that involves a transmural perspective between hospital and community (Fantuzzi & Mezzina, 2020; J. Swendsen et al., 2010). The aim of the study is to retrospectively analyze the clinical, care, and organizational complexity of patients with dual diagnosis, comparing the data collected with the main scientific evidence, highlighting the role of nurses in the management of a case report in the mental health setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study is based on the analysis of data relating to the hospitalization of patients with dual diagnosis at the Operational Unit (OU) of the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) of the “Madonna del Soccorso” hospital in San Benedetto del Tronto, affiliated with the Local Health Authority (AST) of Ascoli Piceno. Data collection was carried out over a period from June 1, 2021, to June 1, 2025, including all patients with dual diagnosis admitted during this period. A case report was also developed to investigate personalized care management and therapeutic continuity from a transmural perspective. RESULTS: The retrospective analysis showed that about half of the patients with dual diagnosis were admitted more than once over the five-year period, with an average length of stay of around 13.5 days, similar to the general psychiatric population, and a marked impairment of relational, family, and social areas. Furthermore, the most recurrent diagnoses associated with substance use were personality disorders 42%, mood disorders 14%, and psychotic disorders 33%. Most subjects showed poor therapeutic adherence and little willingness to cooperate. Clinical observation also showed that continuity of care and collaboration between hospital and community services promote greater adherence to treatment and a reduction in relapses. The case report confirms the effectiveness of individualized nursing intervention in improving the patient's clinical stability and autonomy. ANALYSIS: Data analysis was conducted through a primary descriptive phase and a secondary inferential phase. In the descriptive phase, the variables were analyzed based on their nature (qualitative and ordinal) and summarized using absolute frequencies (n) and percentages (%), using Microsoft Excel® software. A paired t-test was conducted to assess whether there were significant differences in the average length of stay between two groups of patients. DISCUSSIONS: The integrated and multidisciplinary approach, centered on the person and supported by the mental health nurse, is a key element in the management of dual diagnosis, where the transmural perspective ensures therapeutic continuity, psychosocial support, and a reduced risk of relapse. This evidence confirms the importance of implementing flexible and personalized care pathways that are capable of responding to the complex needs of patients, countering the stigma that still surrounds mental illness and addiction, and enhancing nursing skills in this setting.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24197