INTRODUCTION: Suicide and self-harm represent one of the main challenges in contemporary public health, requiring an integrated and sensitive approach to care. (WHO, 2021) The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical, demographic, and care characteristics of patients admitted to the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) in San Benedetto del Tronto between 2022 and 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observational and retrospective study included 513 patients with diagnoses related to suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, or self-harming behavior. The data were extracted from the “Cure Primarie” portal and processed using Microsoft Excel and Rstudio to perform descriptive and inferential analyses, including ANOVA and t-tests. RESULTS: The results show an increase in hospitalizations over the three-year period, an average length of stay of 10.98 days, and significant differences in the average age between clinical diagnoses (p = 0.0054). Suicidal ideation is the main reason for hospitalization (51%), with an almost equal distribution between the sexes and a geographical concentration mainly in the province of Ascoli Piceno. ANALYSIS: Data analysis, conducted using Microsoft Excel, included a descriptive and an inferential phase. Absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables, while means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables. The results were represented using graphs, tables, and heat maps relating to the period 2022–2025. One-way ANOVA with Welch's correction showed significant differences in the average age between diagnostic groups and the t-test for independent samples showed a longer length of stay in non-standard admissions. DISCUSSIONS: The data show an increase in psychological distress, highlighting the need for timely, coordinated assistance between hospitals, local communities, and families to ensure continuity of care and prevent relapses. Nurses play a central role in the early assessment of suicide and self-harm risk through a multidisciplinary approach that combines clinical, relational, and organizational interventions. Their intervention goes beyond the recognition of distress, transforming into protective and caring actions capable of welcoming and giving meaning to the suffering expressed in self-harming behaviors. KEYWORDS:“Suicidal ideation”, “Self-harm”, “Suicide risk”, “Nursing role”, “Adolescents”.
INTRODUZIONE: Il suicidio e l’autolesionismo rappresentano una delle principali sfide della salute pubblica contemporanea, richiedendo un approccio assistenziale integrato e sensibile. (WHO, 2021) L’obiettivo dello studio è analizzare le caratteristiche cliniche, demografiche e assistenziali dei pazienti ricoverati presso il Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC) di San Benedetto del Tronto nel periodo 2022–2025. MATERIALI E METODI: Lo studio, di tipo osservazionale e retrospettivo, include n. 513 pazienti con diagnosi correlate a ideazione suicidaria, tentato suicidio o condotte autolesive. I dati sono stati estratti dal portale “Cure Primarie” ed elaborati con Microsoft Excel e Rstudio per l’esecuzione di analisi descrittive e inferenziali, tra cui l’ANOVA e il t-test. RISULTATI: I risultati mostrano un incremento dei ricoveri nel triennio, una durata media di degenza di 10,98 giorni e differenze significative dell’età media tra le diagnosi cliniche (p = 0,0054). L’ideazione suicidaria rappresenta la principale motivazione di ricovero (51%), con una distribuzione quasi equilibrata tra i sessi e una concentrazione territoriale prevalente nella provincia di Ascoli Piceno. ANALISI: L’analisi dei dati, condotta con Microsoft Excel, ha previsto una fase descrittiva e una inferenziale. Per le variabili qualitative sono state calcolate frequenze assolute e percentuali, mentre per quelle quantitative media e deviazione standard. I risultati sono stati rappresentati con grafici, tabelle e heatmap relativi al periodo 2022–2025. L’ANOVA a una via con correzione di Welch ha evidenziato differenze significative nell’età media tra i gruppi diagnostici e il t-test per campioni indipendenti ha mostrato una maggiore durata della degenza nei ricoveri non conformi agli standard. DISCUSSIONI: I dati mostrano un aumento del disagio psicologico, evidenziando la necessità di un’assistenza tempestiva, coordinata tra ospedale, territorio e famiglia, per garantire continuità di cura e prevenire recidive. L’infermiere riveste un ruolo centrale nella valutazione precoce del rischio suicidario e autolesivo, attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare che unisca interventi clinici, relazionali e organizzativi. Il suo intervento va oltre il riconoscimento del disagio, trasformandosi in azioni di protezione e cura capaci di accogliere e dare senso alla sofferenza espressa nei gesti autolesivi. KEYWORDS:“Suicidal ideation”, “Self-harm”, “Suicide risk”, “Nursing role”, “Adolescents”.
Le "Hidden Suffering": Il ruolo infermieristico nella prevenzione del rischio suicidario e dell'autolesionismo
MAROZZI, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Suicide and self-harm represent one of the main challenges in contemporary public health, requiring an integrated and sensitive approach to care. (WHO, 2021) The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical, demographic, and care characteristics of patients admitted to the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) in San Benedetto del Tronto between 2022 and 2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observational and retrospective study included 513 patients with diagnoses related to suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, or self-harming behavior. The data were extracted from the “Cure Primarie” portal and processed using Microsoft Excel and Rstudio to perform descriptive and inferential analyses, including ANOVA and t-tests. RESULTS: The results show an increase in hospitalizations over the three-year period, an average length of stay of 10.98 days, and significant differences in the average age between clinical diagnoses (p = 0.0054). Suicidal ideation is the main reason for hospitalization (51%), with an almost equal distribution between the sexes and a geographical concentration mainly in the province of Ascoli Piceno. ANALYSIS: Data analysis, conducted using Microsoft Excel, included a descriptive and an inferential phase. Absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables, while means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables. The results were represented using graphs, tables, and heat maps relating to the period 2022–2025. One-way ANOVA with Welch's correction showed significant differences in the average age between diagnostic groups and the t-test for independent samples showed a longer length of stay in non-standard admissions. DISCUSSIONS: The data show an increase in psychological distress, highlighting the need for timely, coordinated assistance between hospitals, local communities, and families to ensure continuity of care and prevent relapses. Nurses play a central role in the early assessment of suicide and self-harm risk through a multidisciplinary approach that combines clinical, relational, and organizational interventions. Their intervention goes beyond the recognition of distress, transforming into protective and caring actions capable of welcoming and giving meaning to the suffering expressed in self-harming behaviors. KEYWORDS:“Suicidal ideation”, “Self-harm”, “Suicide risk”, “Nursing role”, “Adolescents”.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24201