Symbiosis between organisms is a key element for biodiversity, evolution and the functioning of ecosystems. Epibiosis is widespread among decapod species in coral reefs and provides them with advantages in terms of feeding, camouflage and defence. This study characterises Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards, 1831) (Majidae: Decapoda) and its epibiont community collected from coral rubble areas in the southern Great Barrier Reef, where knowledge of its ecology and symbiotic relationships remains limited. The results show that S. aspera mainly uses sponges (94 ± 1%; mean ± SE) as decoration, with greater carapace coverage in juveniles (58 ± 5%) and females (46 ± 4%) than in males (24 ± 4%). In short-term experiments (8 days), S. aspera significantly reduced the coverage of sponges (−31%) and algae (−47%) on debris fragments, demonstrating its potential to alter sessile communities. The close association between S. aspera, sponges and algae seems to reflect both its feeding preferences and its camouflage and chemical defence strategies which are adapted to the coral debris microhabitat. Considering that many sessile species possess toxic compounds, it is hypothesised that such symbioses may confer greater tolerance to planctotoxins on the crab during predation of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.). Further investigation into the role of diversity and biochemistry of S. aspera epibionts is important in order to understand whether this crab can act as a natural control on populations of Acanthaster starfish.
Le simbiosi tra organismi sono un elemento chiave per la biodiversità, l’evoluzione e il funzionamento degli ecosistemi. L’epibiosi è molto diffusa tra le specie di decapodi nelle scogliere coralline e fornisce loro vantaggi in termini di alimentazione, camuffamento e difesa. In questo studio si caratterizza Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards, 1831) (Majidae: Decapoda) e la sua comunità epibionte raccolta in zone di detriti corallini nel sud della Great Barrier Reef dove le conoscenze sulla sua ecologia e sulle relazioni simbiotiche restano limitate. I risultati mostrano che S. aspera utilizza principalmente spugne (94 ± 1%; media ± SE) come decorazione, con maggior copertura del carapace nei giovani (58 ± 5%) e nelle femmine (46 ± 4%) rispetto ai maschi (24 ± 4%). In esperimenti a breve termine (8 giorni), S. aspera ha ridotto significativamente la copertura di spugne (−31%) e alghe (−47%) sui frammenti di detriti, dimostrando il suo potenziale nell’alterare le comunità sessili. L’associazione stretta tra S. aspera, spugne e alghe sembra riflettere sia le sue preferenze alimentari sia strategie di camuffamento e difesa chimica adattate al microhabitat dei detriti corallini. Considerando che molte specie sessili possiedono composti tossici, si ipotizza che tali simbiosi possano conferire al granchio una maggiore tolleranza alle plancitossine durante la predazione delle stelle marine corona di spine (Acanthaster sp.). Approfondire il ruolo della diversità e della biochimica degli epibionti di S. aspera è importante per capire se questo granchio possa agire come controllo naturale delle popolazioni di stelle del genere Acanthaster.
Biologia ed epibionti del granchio decoratore Schizophrys aspera
GIAMBENEDETTI, ALICE
2024/2025
Abstract
Symbiosis between organisms is a key element for biodiversity, evolution and the functioning of ecosystems. Epibiosis is widespread among decapod species in coral reefs and provides them with advantages in terms of feeding, camouflage and defence. This study characterises Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards, 1831) (Majidae: Decapoda) and its epibiont community collected from coral rubble areas in the southern Great Barrier Reef, where knowledge of its ecology and symbiotic relationships remains limited. The results show that S. aspera mainly uses sponges (94 ± 1%; mean ± SE) as decoration, with greater carapace coverage in juveniles (58 ± 5%) and females (46 ± 4%) than in males (24 ± 4%). In short-term experiments (8 days), S. aspera significantly reduced the coverage of sponges (−31%) and algae (−47%) on debris fragments, demonstrating its potential to alter sessile communities. The close association between S. aspera, sponges and algae seems to reflect both its feeding preferences and its camouflage and chemical defence strategies which are adapted to the coral debris microhabitat. Considering that many sessile species possess toxic compounds, it is hypothesised that such symbioses may confer greater tolerance to planctotoxins on the crab during predation of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.). Further investigation into the role of diversity and biochemistry of S. aspera epibionts is important in order to understand whether this crab can act as a natural control on populations of Acanthaster starfish.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/24782