In recent decades, oxidative stress has been recognized as a key mechanism in the development of numerous chronic-degenerative diseases, particularly affecting the skin. As the largest organ of the human body and the primary barrier to the external environment, the skin is constantly exposed to stress factors, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. This process significantly contributes to the increase in skin disorders, including the risk of neoplastic diseases. To counteract these damages, the body relies on complex antioxidant defense systems, among which folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism plays a crucial role in DNA repair, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and epigenetic regulation. Recent evidence also suggests its involvement in melanogenesis and cutaneous photoprotection mechanisms. In this context, the present thesis investigated the in vitro biological effects of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a reduced and biologically active form of folate, on dermal fibroblasts. Specifically, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, effects on tissue regeneration, and the ability to modulate ROS production at both cytosolic and mitochondrial levels were evaluated. In addition, the effects on DNA integrity and protein translation processes were analyzed in order to clarify the potential cytoprotective role of 5-MTHF against UV-induced oxidative damage.
Negli ultimi decenni, lo stress ossidativo è stato riconosciuto come un meccanismo chiave nello sviluppo di numerose patologie cronico-degenerative, in particolare a carico della pelle. La cute, essendo l’organo più esteso e la principale barriera verso l’ambiente esterno, è costantemente esposta a fattori di stress, soprattutto alle radiazioni ultraviolette (UV), che favoriscono la produzione di specie reattive dell’ossigeno (ROS) e il conseguente danno a DNA, proteine e lipidi. Questo processo contribuisce in modo significativo all’aumento di patologie cutanee, tra cui il rischio di neoplasie. Per contrastare tali danni, l’organismo dispone di complessi sistemi di difesa antiossidante, tra cui il metabolismo monocarbonioso mediato dal folato, coinvolto nella riparazione del DNA, nel mantenimento dell’equilibrio redox e nella regolazione epigenetica. Recenti evidenze suggeriscono inoltre un suo ruolo nella melanogenesi e nei meccanismi di fotoprotezione cutanea. Alla luce di ciò, la presente tesi ha analizzato gli effetti biologici, in vitro, del 5-metil-tetraidrofolato (5-MTHF), una forma ridotta e biologicamente attiva di folato, sui fibroblasti dermici. In particolare, sono stati valutati l’assorbimento del composto, la sua citotossicità, l’influenza sulla rigenerazione tissutale e la capacità di modulare la produzione di ROS a livello citosolico e mitocondriale. Sono stati inoltre esaminati gli effetti sul DNA e sui processi di traduzione proteica, al fine di chiarire il potenziale ruolo del 5-MTHF come agente citoprotettivo nei confronti del danno ossidativo indotto da radiazioni UV.
L'IMPORTANZA DEL METABOLISMO 1C E 5-MTHF: NUOVE PROSPETTIVE PER CONTRASTARE I DANNI DA UV E FAVORIRE LA RIGENERAZIONE CUTANEA
ANTONELLI, LINDA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, oxidative stress has been recognized as a key mechanism in the development of numerous chronic-degenerative diseases, particularly affecting the skin. As the largest organ of the human body and the primary barrier to the external environment, the skin is constantly exposed to stress factors, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. This process significantly contributes to the increase in skin disorders, including the risk of neoplastic diseases. To counteract these damages, the body relies on complex antioxidant defense systems, among which folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism plays a crucial role in DNA repair, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and epigenetic regulation. Recent evidence also suggests its involvement in melanogenesis and cutaneous photoprotection mechanisms. In this context, the present thesis investigated the in vitro biological effects of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a reduced and biologically active form of folate, on dermal fibroblasts. Specifically, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, effects on tissue regeneration, and the ability to modulate ROS production at both cytosolic and mitochondrial levels were evaluated. In addition, the effects on DNA integrity and protein translation processes were analyzed in order to clarify the potential cytoprotective role of 5-MTHF against UV-induced oxidative damage.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/25225