Search and rescue operations conducted by the Fire and Rescue Service take place in highly complex contexts, where the rapid acquisition of situational awareness is crucial for the successful outcome of interventions. Although technological development has made advanced digital tools available to support field activities, their effectiveness depends on the operators’ ability to integrate them consistently into operational practices. Technological innovation, in fact, is not always accompanied by a corresponding evolution of the human and organizational processes that govern its use, with potential consequences for its actual operational value. This study analyses the factors influencing the adoption of technologies for situational awareness through a comparative approach between two contexts of excellence: the Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the United States and the specialized search and rescue unit of the Fire and Rescue Service in Pisa (Italy). The comparison allows for an examination of how different organizational structures, levels of standardization and operational cultures shape practitioners’ approaches to the use of technologies. The research is based on questionnaires administered to professionals and considers both the modalities of use of digital tools and the organizational and relational dimensions that guide their adoption. The findings indicate that, in the U.S. context, technology adoption is facilitated by well-established practices and strong organizational and infrastructural support, whereas in Italy adoption appears more closely linked to the need to maintain direct control over operations. The study provides insights to guide the development and implementation of emergency technologies more closely aligned with real operational needs. Keywords: Emergency management, Search and rescue, Situational awareness, Technology adoption, Fire and Rescue Service
Le operazioni di ricerca e soccorso svolte dai Vigili del Fuoco avvengono in contesti ad elevata complessità, nei quali l’acquisizione rapida della consapevolezza situazionale è determinante per il buon esito degli interventi. Sebbene lo sviluppo tecnologico abbia reso disponibili strumenti digitali avanzati a supporto delle attività sul campo, la loro efficacia dipende dalla capacità degli operatori di integrarli stabilmente nelle pratiche operative. L’evoluzione tecnologica, infatti, non sempre è accompagnata da un corrispondente sviluppo dei processi umani e organizzativi che ne governano l’utilizzo, con conseguenti ricadute sul suo effettivo valore operativo. Questo studio analizza i fattori che incidono sull’adozione delle tecnologie per la consapevolezza situazionale attraverso un approccio comparativo tra due contesti di eccellenza: le Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces statunitensi coordinate dalla Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) e il nucleo specializzato in ricerca e soccorso dei Vigili del Fuoco di Pisa (Italia). Il confronto consente di esaminare come differenti assetti organizzativi, livelli di standardizzazione e culture operative influenzino l’approccio degli operatori all’uso delle tecnologie. L’indagine si basa su questionari somministrati ai professionisti e considera sia le modalità di impiego degli strumenti digitali sia le dimensioni organizzative e relazionali che ne orientano l’adozione. I risultati indicano che, nel contesto statunitense, l’adozione delle tecnologie è favorita da pratiche d’uso ormai consolidate e da un solido supporto organizzativo e infrastrutturale, mentre in Italia l’adozione appare maggiormente subordinata alla necessità di preservare il controllo diretto delle operazioni. La ricerca fornisce indicazioni per orientare lo sviluppo e l’implementazione di tecnologie per l’emergenza più aderenti alle esigenze operative reali. Parole chiave: Gestione delle emergenze, Ricerca e soccorso, Consapevolezza situazionale, Adozione tecnologica, Vigili del Fuoco
PERCEZIONE E ADOZIONE DI NUOVE TECNOLOGIE NELLE OPERAZIONI DI RICERCA E SOCCORSO NEGLI STATI UNITI E IN ITALIA
DE MICHELE, AURORA
2024/2025
Abstract
Search and rescue operations conducted by the Fire and Rescue Service take place in highly complex contexts, where the rapid acquisition of situational awareness is crucial for the successful outcome of interventions. Although technological development has made advanced digital tools available to support field activities, their effectiveness depends on the operators’ ability to integrate them consistently into operational practices. Technological innovation, in fact, is not always accompanied by a corresponding evolution of the human and organizational processes that govern its use, with potential consequences for its actual operational value. This study analyses the factors influencing the adoption of technologies for situational awareness through a comparative approach between two contexts of excellence: the Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the United States and the specialized search and rescue unit of the Fire and Rescue Service in Pisa (Italy). The comparison allows for an examination of how different organizational structures, levels of standardization and operational cultures shape practitioners’ approaches to the use of technologies. The research is based on questionnaires administered to professionals and considers both the modalities of use of digital tools and the organizational and relational dimensions that guide their adoption. The findings indicate that, in the U.S. context, technology adoption is facilitated by well-established practices and strong organizational and infrastructural support, whereas in Italy adoption appears more closely linked to the need to maintain direct control over operations. The study provides insights to guide the development and implementation of emergency technologies more closely aligned with real operational needs. Keywords: Emergency management, Search and rescue, Situational awareness, Technology adoption, Fire and Rescue Service| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Magistrale Aurora De Michele.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/25272