In recent years, energy efficiency has assumed a central role in the home appliance sector, driving research toward solutions capable of reducing electrical consumption without increasing production costs. In this context, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) represent a promising alternative to induction motors, thanks to their high torque-to-weight ratio, high efficiency, and robustness, making them particularly suitable for low and medium power applications, including domestic dishwashers. To ensure high efficiency and cost containment, sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) is required. In this area, Sliding Mode observers (SMO) and Sliding Mode controllers (SMC) ensure robustness and fast response, respectively, enabling reliable rotor position and speed estimation even in the presence of disturbances and parameter variations, overcoming the limitations of PID controllers and other observers such as Kalman or Luenberger. However, digital implementation introduces delays and approximations that can compromise performance, making it essential to design controllers and observers natively in discrete time. This work proposes a discrete-time sensorless Sliding Mode control architecture for the PMSM of a Whirlpool dishwasher drain pump. The approach was initially validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and subsequently tested experimentally on the actual appliance. The results demonstrate accurate reference tracking and high robustness against external disturbances and parameter variations, confirming the effectiveness of the approach compared to traditional strategies based on PI controllers and Luenberger observers. Finally, the study identifies potential future developments, including the optimization of rotor position estimation to improve FOC performance and the adoption of advanced control techniques such as Model Predictive Control for the systematic management of multivariable systems subject to constraints.
Negli ultimi anni, l’efficienza energetica ha assunto un ruolo centrale nel settore degli elettrodomestici, spingendo la ricerca verso soluzioni in grado di ridurre il consumo elettrico senza aumentare i costi di produzione. In questo contesto, i motori sincroni a magneti permanenti (PMSM) rappresentano un’alternativa promettente ai motori a induzione, grazie all’elevato rapporto coppia/peso, all’alta efficienza e alla robustezza, risultando particolarmente adatti per applicazioni a bassa e media potenza, tra cui lavastoviglie domestiche. Per garantire elevata efficienza e contenimento dei costi, si rende necessario un controllo ad orientamento di campo (FOC) senza sensori meccanici. In questo ambito, gli osservatori Sliding Mode (SMO) e i controllori Sliding Mode (SMC) offrono rispettivamente robustezza e rapidità di risposta, consentendo stime affidabili di posizione e velocità del rotore anche in presenza di disturbi e variazioni parametriche, superando i limiti dei regolatori PID e di altri osservatori come Kalman o Luenberger. Tuttavia, l’implementazione digitale introduce ritardi e approssimazioni che possono compromettere le prestazioni, rendendo fondamentale progettare controllori e osservatori nativamente a tempo discreto. Il presente lavoro propone un’architettura di controllo sensorless Sliding Mode progettata a tempo discreto per il PMSM della pompa di scarico di una lavastoviglie Whirlpool. L’approccio è stato validato inizialmente tramite simulazioni MATLAB/Simulink e successivamente sperimentalmente sul prototipo reale. I risultati evidenziano un accurato inseguimento del riferimento e un’elevata robustezza nei confronti di disturbi esterni e variazioni parametriche, confermando la validità dell’approccio rispetto alle strategie tradizionali basate su regolatori PI e osservatori di Luenberger. Infine, il lavoro individua possibili sviluppi futuri, tra cui l’ottimizzazione della stima della posizione rotorica per migliorare le prestazioni del FOC e l’adozione di tecniche di controllo avanzate come il Model Predictive Control per la gestione sistematica di sistemi multivariabili soggetti a vincoli.
Studio e sviluppo di un sistema di controllo sensorless per PMSM basato su un approccio sliding mode a tempo discreto
JAVIER, KEVIN
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, energy efficiency has assumed a central role in the home appliance sector, driving research toward solutions capable of reducing electrical consumption without increasing production costs. In this context, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) represent a promising alternative to induction motors, thanks to their high torque-to-weight ratio, high efficiency, and robustness, making them particularly suitable for low and medium power applications, including domestic dishwashers. To ensure high efficiency and cost containment, sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) is required. In this area, Sliding Mode observers (SMO) and Sliding Mode controllers (SMC) ensure robustness and fast response, respectively, enabling reliable rotor position and speed estimation even in the presence of disturbances and parameter variations, overcoming the limitations of PID controllers and other observers such as Kalman or Luenberger. However, digital implementation introduces delays and approximations that can compromise performance, making it essential to design controllers and observers natively in discrete time. This work proposes a discrete-time sensorless Sliding Mode control architecture for the PMSM of a Whirlpool dishwasher drain pump. The approach was initially validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and subsequently tested experimentally on the actual appliance. The results demonstrate accurate reference tracking and high robustness against external disturbances and parameter variations, confirming the effectiveness of the approach compared to traditional strategies based on PI controllers and Luenberger observers. Finally, the study identifies potential future developments, including the optimization of rotor position estimation to improve FOC performance and the adoption of advanced control techniques such as Model Predictive Control for the systematic management of multivariable systems subject to constraints.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Tesi di laurea - Kevin Javier
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/25525