Over the past century, the consumer journey has undergone a profound evolution, shifting from traditional frameworks to complex, non-linear models. This transition reflects the changing nature of the contemporary consumer, who is no longer a predictable agent but a complex individual with a marked tendency to minimize cognitive effort. To navigate a landscape characterized by immediacy and an overwhelming abundance of stimuli, consumers unconsciously rely on mental shortcuts, formally known as heuristics. However, these mechanisms frequently lead to systematic errors - or cognitive biases - a phenomenon elucidated by Daniel Kahneman's dual-process theory, wherein the intuitive operations of System 1 often bypass the rational oversight of System 2. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the primary heuristics and cognitive biases - spanning the domains of judgement, memory and social dynamics - demonstrating their critical impact on the customer journey. Subsequently, the theoretical framework is implemented through the examination of paradigmatic case studies, including Booking.com, Netflix, Apple and IKEA. These analyses illustrate how psychological principles are strategically embedded within marketing practices. Ultimately, this work highlights the increasing centrality of behavioural psychology in designing ‘Choice Architectures’ capable of anticipating and managing human irrationality.
Nell'ultimo secolo, il percorso del consumatore (customer journey) ha subito una profonda evoluzione, passando dai modelli tradizionali a schemi complessi e non lineari. Questa transizione riflette il cambiamento del consumatore contemporaneo, che non è più un agente prevedibile, ma un individuo complesso con una spiccata tendenza a minimizzare lo sforzo cognitivo. Per navigare in un panorama caratterizzato dall'immediatezza e dall’abbondanza di stimoli, i consumatori si affidano inconsciamente a scorciatoie mentali, formalmente note come euristiche. Tuttavia, questi meccanismi portano frequentemente a errori sistematici - o bias cognitivi - un fenomeno spiegato dalla teoria del doppio processo di Daniel Kahneman, in cui le operazioni intuitive del "Sistema 1" spesso eludono la supervisione razionale del "Sistema 2". Questa tesi fornisce un'analisi completa delle principali euristiche e dei bias cognitivi - che spaziano dai domini del giudizio e della memoria fino alle dinamiche sociali - dimostrando il loro impatto critico sulla customer journey. Successivamente, il quadro teorico viene applicato attraverso l'esame di casi studio, tra cui Booking.com, Netflix, Apple e IKEA. Tali analisi illustrano come i principi psicologici siano strategicamente integrati all'interno delle pratiche di marketing. In definitiva, il presente lavoro evidenzia la crescente centralità della psicologia comportamentale nella progettazione di "Architetture delle Scelte" (Choice Architectures) capaci di anticipare e gestire l'irrazionalità umana.
HOW COGNITIVE BIASES AND HEURISTICS AFFECT THE CUSTOMER JOURNEY
SEBASTIANELLI, CAROLINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Over the past century, the consumer journey has undergone a profound evolution, shifting from traditional frameworks to complex, non-linear models. This transition reflects the changing nature of the contemporary consumer, who is no longer a predictable agent but a complex individual with a marked tendency to minimize cognitive effort. To navigate a landscape characterized by immediacy and an overwhelming abundance of stimuli, consumers unconsciously rely on mental shortcuts, formally known as heuristics. However, these mechanisms frequently lead to systematic errors - or cognitive biases - a phenomenon elucidated by Daniel Kahneman's dual-process theory, wherein the intuitive operations of System 1 often bypass the rational oversight of System 2. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the primary heuristics and cognitive biases - spanning the domains of judgement, memory and social dynamics - demonstrating their critical impact on the customer journey. Subsequently, the theoretical framework is implemented through the examination of paradigmatic case studies, including Booking.com, Netflix, Apple and IKEA. These analyses illustrate how psychological principles are strategically embedded within marketing practices. Ultimately, this work highlights the increasing centrality of behavioural psychology in designing ‘Choice Architectures’ capable of anticipating and managing human irrationality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26007