In a world where technology is used in any field, including rehabilitation, given the limited availability of specific Italian software to support academic learning in children with ASD and the high prevalence of non-mediated applications, the need has arisen to develop a national digital tool that can be used in speech therapy sessions under the professional guidance of a speech therapist. Particular attention is paid to monitoring each child's progress for the treated areas, with the aim of observing skill trends during treatment. It is important that the operator administering and adapting the software to the child is adequately trained to increase resource availability. Alternative Augmentative Communication (AAC) was used to develop the tool, making it accessible even to patients with complex communication needs. Generally, “Communication” refers to “the set of phenomena that allow the exchange of information between two or more people through spoken language (in its verbal and nonverbal aspects) and through nonverbal signals” (Treccani.), and is a primary right that belongs to everyone, regardless of the clinical picture. The primary objective of the study is to develop a digital inbook: personalized, Italian-language educational software that integrates CAA symbols with the operator's verbal guidance, and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive skills and behavior in children with ASD enrolled in the first year of primary school, during mediated speech therapy sessions. In CHAPTER ONE – AUTISM AND LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL, the term “Autism” is defined and the evolution of the disorder throughout history is retraced, with an excursus, from the first citations to recent scientific studies. The prevalence, etiology, prognosis, classification of linguistic phenotypes, guidelines, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are also analyzed. In CHAPTER TWO – AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC) AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ASD, the concept of AAC is defined and a general analysis of existing software to support communication and learning is carried out. The critical issues and risks of this type of tool are also clarified, as well as the role of figures close to the child in their use. In CHAPTER THREE – EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: SOFTWARE FROM DESIGN TO APPLICATION, the study carried out is described in detail: objectives, implementation methods, what it includes, how it is structured, the sample to which it was administered, materials and methods, results and their discussion. General quantitative and qualitative graphs are included for the areas covered. In CHAPTER FOUR – GENERAL DISCUSSION, a summary of the results discussed in the previous chapter is included and compared with information in the literature. In CHAPTER FIVE – APPLICATION REFLECTIONS, suggestions are provided to anyone who wants to use the software. At the end of the chapter, future software development and research proposals are included. In CHAPTER SIX – APPENDIX A, all graphs – and related discussion – are inserted in detail for each subject in the sample regarding the data collected during the treatment period. At the end, n CHAPTER SEVEN, there is bibliography and sitography.
In un mondo in cui la tecnologia viene utilizzata in qualsiasi ambito, compreso quello riabilitativo, data la limitata disponibilità di software italiani specifici per supportare l'apprendimento scolastico nei bambini con ASD e l'elevata prevalenza di applicazioni a utilizzo non mediato, è sorta l'esigenza di sviluppare uno strumento digitale nazionale che venga utilizzato nelle sedute di trattamento logopedico sotto la guida professionale della Logopedista. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al monitoraggio dei progressi di ogni bambino per le aree trattate, con lo scopo di osservare l’andamento delle abilità durante il trattamento. È importante che l’operatore che somministra e adatta il software al bambino sia adeguatamente formato, così da aumentare la disponibilità delle risorse. Per realizzare lo strumento è stata utilizzata la Comunicazione Aumentativa Alternativa (CAA), al fine di renderlo fruibile anche ai pazienti con bisogni comunicativi complessi. Generalmente, per “Comunicazione” si intende “l'insieme dei fenomeni che permettono lo scambio di informazioni fra due o più persone attraverso il linguaggio parlato (nei suoi aspetti verbali e non verbali) e attraverso i segnali non verbali” (Treccani.), ed è un diritto primario che spetta a tutti, indipendentemente dal quadro clinico. L’obiettivo principale dello studio è quello di realizzare un in-book digitale: un software educativo personalizzato e in lingua italiana, che integri simboli CAA con la guida verbale dell’operatore, e valutarne l’efficacia nel potenziare le abilità cognitive e il comportamento nei bambini con ASD iscritti al primo anno della scuola primaria, durante sedute logopediche mediate. Nel CAPITOLO PRIMO – AUTISMO E APPRENDIMENTO NELLA SCUOLA PRIMARIA, viene definito il termine “Autismo” e si ripercorre, con un excursus, l’evoluzione del disturbo nella storia, dalle prime citazioni ai recenti studi scientifici. Sono inoltre analizzate la prevalenza, l’eziologia, la prognosi, la classificazione dei fenotipi linguistici, le linee guida, lo screening, la diagnosi e il trattamento del Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico (ASD). Nel CAPITOLO SECONDO – COMUNICAZIONE AUMENTATIVA E ALTERNATIVA (CAA) E TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI NELL’ASD viene definito il concetto di CAA e si effettua un’analisi generale dei software già esistenti a supporto di comunicazione e apprendimento. Vengono chiariti anche criticità e rischi di questo genere di strumenti e il ruolo delle figure vicine al bambino nel loro utilizzo. Nel CAPITOLO TERZO – STUDIO SPERIMENTALE: IL SOFTWARE DALLA PROGETTAZIONE ALL’APPLICAZIONE, viene dettagliatamente descritto lo studio effettuato: obiettivi, modalità di realizzazione, cosa include, com’è strutturato, campione a cui è stato somministrato, materiali e metodi, risultati e loro discussione. Sono inseriti grafici quantitativi e qualitativi generali per le aree trattate. Nel CAPITOLO QUARTO – DISCUSSIONE GENERALE, è inserita una sintesi dei risultati discussi nel capitolo precedente e vengono confrontati con le informazioni presenti in letteratura. Nel CAPITOLO QUINTO – RIFLESSIONI APPLICATIVE, vengono forniti suggerimenti a chiunque voglia utilizzare il software. Alla fine del capitolo, sono inserite le proposte future di sviluppo del software e di ricerca. Nel CAPITOLO SESTO – APPENDICE A, sono inseriti tutti i grafici – e relativa discussione – in maniera dettagliata per ogni soggetto del campione riguardo i dati raccolti nel periodo di trattamento. Infine, nel CAPITOLO SETTIMO, sono presenti bibliografia e sitografia.
UTILIZZO DI UN SOFTWARE RIABILITATIVO PER L’AVVIO DEGLI APPRENDIMENTI SCOLASTICI IN BAMBINI CON DISTURBO DELLO SPETTRO AUTISTICO: EVIDENZE SCIENTIFICHE E RIFLESSIONI APPLICATIVE
CALANDRA, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In a world where technology is used in any field, including rehabilitation, given the limited availability of specific Italian software to support academic learning in children with ASD and the high prevalence of non-mediated applications, the need has arisen to develop a national digital tool that can be used in speech therapy sessions under the professional guidance of a speech therapist. Particular attention is paid to monitoring each child's progress for the treated areas, with the aim of observing skill trends during treatment. It is important that the operator administering and adapting the software to the child is adequately trained to increase resource availability. Alternative Augmentative Communication (AAC) was used to develop the tool, making it accessible even to patients with complex communication needs. Generally, “Communication” refers to “the set of phenomena that allow the exchange of information between two or more people through spoken language (in its verbal and nonverbal aspects) and through nonverbal signals” (Treccani.), and is a primary right that belongs to everyone, regardless of the clinical picture. The primary objective of the study is to develop a digital inbook: personalized, Italian-language educational software that integrates CAA symbols with the operator's verbal guidance, and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive skills and behavior in children with ASD enrolled in the first year of primary school, during mediated speech therapy sessions. In CHAPTER ONE – AUTISM AND LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL, the term “Autism” is defined and the evolution of the disorder throughout history is retraced, with an excursus, from the first citations to recent scientific studies. The prevalence, etiology, prognosis, classification of linguistic phenotypes, guidelines, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are also analyzed. In CHAPTER TWO – AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC) AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ASD, the concept of AAC is defined and a general analysis of existing software to support communication and learning is carried out. The critical issues and risks of this type of tool are also clarified, as well as the role of figures close to the child in their use. In CHAPTER THREE – EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: SOFTWARE FROM DESIGN TO APPLICATION, the study carried out is described in detail: objectives, implementation methods, what it includes, how it is structured, the sample to which it was administered, materials and methods, results and their discussion. General quantitative and qualitative graphs are included for the areas covered. In CHAPTER FOUR – GENERAL DISCUSSION, a summary of the results discussed in the previous chapter is included and compared with information in the literature. In CHAPTER FIVE – APPLICATION REFLECTIONS, suggestions are provided to anyone who wants to use the software. At the end of the chapter, future software development and research proposals are included. In CHAPTER SIX – APPENDIX A, all graphs – and related discussion – are inserted in detail for each subject in the sample regarding the data collected during the treatment period. At the end, n CHAPTER SEVEN, there is bibliography and sitography.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26246