Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the main safety issues in healthcare, particularly in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units. The high clinical-care complexity, the widespread use of invasive devices, and the severity of patient conditions contribute to increasing the risk of nosocomial infections, with a significant impact on clinical outcomes, length of stay, and mortality (Blot et al., 2022; Raoofi et al., 2023). Objective: The objective of this thesis is to analyze the available scientific literature on the nursing management of healthcare-associated infections in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units, in order to highlight the role of the nurse in the prevention and control of major nosocomial infections.Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting the main biomedical and nursing databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus). Studies concerning adult patients admitted to intensive care, focused on HAIs and nursing interventions for their prevention and management, were included. At the end of the selection process, 55 articles were included, analyzed descriptively, and organized by thematic areas. Discussion: From the analysis of the literature, it emerges that the main HAIs in intensive care are ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (Costa et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2019; Patel et al., 2019).Nursing care, through the adoption of infection prevention and control measures, the implementation of care bundles, and the proper management of invasive devices, plays a central role in reducing the incidence of HAIs (Rehmani et al., 2024; Alotaibi et al., 2022). However, the literature highlights the presence of organizational and educational barriers that can limit adherence to guidelines (Lowe et al., 2021; Brown et al., 2020). Conclusions: The prevention of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care requires an integrated and multidimensional approach, in which the nurse plays a fundamental role. The implementation of standardized protocols, continuous training, and organizational support are essential elements to ensure safe and quality care for the critically ill patient. Keywords: Healthcare-associated infections; Intensive care; Nursing care; Infection prevention; Critical patient
Introduzione: Le infezioni correlate all’assistenza (ICA) rappresentano una delle principali problematiche di sicurezza delle cure in ambito sanitario, in particolare nei pazienti critici ricoverati in terapia intensiva. L’elevata complessità clinico-assistenziale, l’utilizzo diffuso di dispositivi invasivi e la gravità delle condizioni dei pazienti contribuiscono ad aumentare il rischio di infezioni nosocomiali, con un impatto significativo sugli esiti clinici, sulla durata della degenza e sulla mortalità (Blot et al., 2022; Raoofi et al., 2023). Obiettivo: L’obiettivo della presente tesi è analizzare la letteratura scientifica disponibile sulla gestione infermieristica delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza nel paziente critico ricoverato in terapia intensiva, al fine di evidenziare il ruolo dell’infermiere nella prevenzione e nel controllo delle principali infezioni nosocomiali. Materiali e Metodi : È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura mediante la consultazione dei principali database biomedici e infermieristici (PubMed, CINAHL e Scopus). Sono stati inclusi studi relativi a pazienti adulti ricoverati in terapia intensiva, focalizzati sulle ICA e sugli interventi infermieristici di prevenzione e gestione. Al termine del processo di selezione sono stati inclusi 55 articoli, analizzati in modo descrittivo e organizzati per aree tematiche. Discussione: Dall’analisi della letteratura emerge che le principali ICA in terapia intensiva sono la polmonite associata a ventilazione meccanica, le infezioni del torrente ematico correlate a catetere venoso centrale e le infezioni del tratto urinario associate a catetere (Costa et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2019; Patel et al., 2019). L’assistenza infermieristica, attraverso l’adozione delle misure di infection prevention and control, l’applicazione dei bundle assistenziali e la corretta gestione dei dispositivi invasivi, riveste un ruolo centrale nella riduzione dell’incidenza delle ICA (Rehmani et al., 2024; Alotaibi et al., 2022). Tuttavia, la letteratura evidenzia la presenza di barriere organizzative e formative che possono limitare l’aderenza alle linee guida (Lowe et al., 2021; Brown et al., 2020). Conclusioni: La prevenzione delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza in terapia intensiva richiede un approccio integrato e multidimensionale, nel quale l’infermiere svolge un ruolo fondamentale. L’implementazione di protocolli standardizzati, la formazione continua e il supporto organizzativo risultano elementi essenziali per garantire un’assistenza sicura e di qualità al paziente critico. Parole chiave: Infezioni correlate all’assistenza; Terapia intensiva; Assistenza infermieristica; Prevenzione delle infezioni; Paziente critico.
Gestione infermieristica delle infezioni correlate all'assistenza nel paziente critico durante la pandemia: una revisione narrativa
KOCO, STELINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the main safety issues in healthcare, particularly in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units. The high clinical-care complexity, the widespread use of invasive devices, and the severity of patient conditions contribute to increasing the risk of nosocomial infections, with a significant impact on clinical outcomes, length of stay, and mortality (Blot et al., 2022; Raoofi et al., 2023). Objective: The objective of this thesis is to analyze the available scientific literature on the nursing management of healthcare-associated infections in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units, in order to highlight the role of the nurse in the prevention and control of major nosocomial infections.Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting the main biomedical and nursing databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus). Studies concerning adult patients admitted to intensive care, focused on HAIs and nursing interventions for their prevention and management, were included. At the end of the selection process, 55 articles were included, analyzed descriptively, and organized by thematic areas. Discussion: From the analysis of the literature, it emerges that the main HAIs in intensive care are ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (Costa et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2019; Patel et al., 2019).Nursing care, through the adoption of infection prevention and control measures, the implementation of care bundles, and the proper management of invasive devices, plays a central role in reducing the incidence of HAIs (Rehmani et al., 2024; Alotaibi et al., 2022). However, the literature highlights the presence of organizational and educational barriers that can limit adherence to guidelines (Lowe et al., 2021; Brown et al., 2020). Conclusions: The prevention of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care requires an integrated and multidimensional approach, in which the nurse plays a fundamental role. The implementation of standardized protocols, continuous training, and organizational support are essential elements to ensure safe and quality care for the critically ill patient. Keywords: Healthcare-associated infections; Intensive care; Nursing care; Infection prevention; Critical patient| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/26467